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resort to analysis before one can understand and grasp the great
drama and display the impulses which continually actuated its
heroes。 In normal times we are guided by the various forms of
logicrational； affective； collective； and mysticwhich more or
less perfectly balance one another。 During seasons of upheaval
they enter into conflict； and man is no longer himself。
We have by no means undervalued in this work the importance of
certain acquisitions of the Revolution in respect of the rights
of the people。 But with many other historians； we are
forced to admit that the prize gained at the cost of such ruin
and bloodshed would have been obtained at a later date without
effort； by the mere progress of civilisation。 For a few years
gained； what a load of material disaster； what moral
disintegration！ We are still suffering as a result of the
latter。 These brutal pages in the book of history will take long
to efface： they are not effaced as yet。
Our young men of to…day seem to prefer action to thought。
Disdaining the sterile dissertations of the philosophers； they
take no interest in vain speculation concerning matters whose
essential nature remains unknown。
Action is certainly an excellent thing； and all real progress is
a result of action； but it is only useful when properly directed。
The men of the Revolution were assuredly men of action； yet the
illusions which they accepted as guides led them to disaster。
Action is always hurtful when； despising realities； it professes
violently to change the course of events。 One cannot experiment
with society as with apparatus in a laboratory。 Our political
upheavals show us what such social errors may cost。
Although the lesson of the Revolution was extremely categorical；
many unpractical spirits； hallucinated by their dreams； are
hoping to recommence it。 Socialism； the modern synthesis of this
hope； would be a regression to lower forms of evolution； for it
would paralyse the greatest sources of our activity。 By
replacing individual initiative and responsibility by collective
initiative and responsibility mankind would descend several steps
on the scale of human values。
The present time is hardly favourable to such experiments。 While
dreamers are pursuing their dreams； exciting appetites and the
passions of the multitude； the peoples are every day arming
themselves more powerfully。 All feel that amid the universal
competition of the present time there is no room for weak
nations。
In the centre of Europe a formidable military Power is increasing
in strength； and aspiring to dominate the world； in order to find
outlets for its goods； and for an increasing population； which it
will soon be unable to nourish。
If we continue to shatter our cohesion by intestine struggles；
party rivalries； base religious persecutions； and laws which
fetter industrial development； our part in the world will soon be
over。 We shall have to make room for peoples more solidly knit；
who have been able to adapt themselves to natural necessities
instead of pretending to turn back upon their course。 The
present does not repeat the past； and the details of history are
full of unforeseen consequences； but in their main lines events
are conditioned by eternal laws。
INDEX
Absolute monarchy； the
Acceleration of forces of violence
Administrations； real ruling forces
Affective logic
Affirmation； power of
Alexander I of Russia
Alsace loss of
Ambition； as a motive of revolution
Anarchy； followed by dictatorship； mental
Ancestral soul
Ancien regime； bases of the； inconveniences of； life under；
dissolution of
Ancients； Council of
Anti…clerical laws
Armies； of the Republic； character of； victories of； causes of
success
Army； role of； in revolution； in 1789
Assemblies； the Revolutionary； psychology of； obedient to the
clubs； see National； Constituent； Legislative Assemblies；
Convention； &c。
Assignats
Augustine； St。
Aulaud； M。
Austria； revolution in； royalist illusions as to her attitude；
attacks the Republic
Balfour； Rt。 Hon。 A。 J。； on coal strike
Barras
Barrere
Bartholomew； St。； Massacre of； European rejoicing over
Bastille； taking of the
Battifol； M。
Bayle； P。
Beaulieu； Edict of
Bedouin； executions at
Belgium； invasion of
Beliefs； affective and mystic origin of； intolerance of；
justification of； intolerance greatest between allied beliefs；
intolerance of democratic and socialistic beliefs
Berquin； executed by Sorbonne
Berry； Duchess de
Billaud…Varenne
Bismarck
Blanc； Louis
Blois； States of
Bonaparte； see Napoleon
Bonnal； General
Bossuet
Bourdeau； M。
Bourgeoisie； their jealousy of the nobles causes the Revolution；
their thirst for revenge； the real authors of the Revolution；
philosophic ideas of
Brazilian Revolution； the
Britanny； revolt in
Broglie； de
Brumaire； coup d'etat of
Brunswick； Duke of； his manifesto
Buddhism
Bureaucracy in France
Caesar； on division amid the Gauls
Caesarism
Caesars follow anarchy and dominate mobs
Cahiers； the
Calvin； compared to Robespierre
Carnot
Carrier； crimes of； and trial
Catechism of the Scottish Presbyterians
Catherine de Medicis
Catholic League
Cavaignac； General
Chalandon
Champ…de…Mars； affair of the
Charles IX
Charles X
China； revolution in
Chinese labour
Christian Revolution； the
Christians； mutual hatred of
Church； confiscation of goods of the
Civil War
Clemenceau； M。
Clergy； civil constitution of
Clubs； the； 24… psychology of the； obeyed by the Assemblies；
closed； increasing power of the； see Jacobins
Coalition； the
Cochin； A。
Colin； M。
Collective ideas； collective logic
Collot d'Herbois
Commissaries of the Convention； psychology of
Committees； the Governmental
Commune of Paris； the； in insurrection； chief power in State；
orders massacre of September； tyranny of
Commune of 1871
Communes； the revolutionary
Comte； A。
Concordat； the
Condorcet
Constituent Assembly； the； psychology of the； its fear of the
people； temporarily resists the people； loses power； its last
action
Constitution of 1791； of 1793； of 1795； of the year VIII
Constitutions； faith in
Constraints； social； necessity of
Consulate； the
Contagion； mental； causes of； in crowds
Contrat Social； the
Convention； giants of the； inconsistency of； decimates itself；
psychology of the； cowardice of； mental characteristics of；
composition of； fear in the； besieged by the Commune； surrenders
Girondists； Government of the； abolishes royalty； dissolved
Council of State
Couthon
Criminal mentality
Cromwell
Crowd； Psychology of the
Crowds in the French Revolution
Cruppi； M。
Cuba
Cunisset…Carnot
Currency； paper
Danton
Darwin； Charles
Dausset； M。
‘‘Days；''of May 31； June 2； of June 20； of Aug。 10； of June 2； of
Oct。 5
Debidour； M。
Declaration of Rights； the
Democracy； intellectual and popular
Departmental insurrections
Desmoulins； Camille
Dictatorship follows anarchy
Diderot
Directory； the； failure of； closes clubs； psychology of the；
government of the； deportations under
Discontent； result of
Dreux…Breze
Drinkmann； Baron
Dubourg； Anne； burned
Dumas； President of the Revolutionary Tribunal
Dumouriez
Durel
Ego； analysis of the
Elchingen； General
Elizabeth； Empress of Russia
Emigres； banished
Empire； the Second
Encyclopaedists； the
England； coal strike in
English Revolution； Constitution
Enthusiasm
Envy
Equality
Evolution
Faguet； E。
Fatalism； historians on
Faubourgs； disarmed
Fear
Federation
Ferrer； notes on anniversary of execution of
Fersen
Five Hundred； the
Fontenelle
France； kings of； artificial unity of
Francis I
Franco…Prussian war
Fraternity
Freethinkers； intolerance of
French Revolution； the； revision of ideas concerning； generally
misunderstood； a new religious movement； origins of； religions
nature of； descends to lower classes； causes of； opinions of
historians concerning； becomes a popular government； causes of
democratisation； causes of the Revolution； a struggle of instinct
against reason
Fouche； at Lyons
Fouquier…Tinville
Freron
Galileo
German Emperors
‘‘Giants'' of the Convention； mediocrity of
Gilbert…Liendon
Girondists； the； late of the； surrendered by the Convention； vote
for Louis' death
Glosson； Professor； experiment in crowd psychology
Governments； feeble resistance of； to revolution； best tactics to
pursue； revolutions effected by
Greek Revolution
Gregoire
Gregory XIII
Guillotine； regeneration by
Guiraud； M。
Guise； Duke of
Guizot
Hamel； M。
Hamilton； General
Hanotaux； G。
Hanriot
Hatred； value of
Haxo； General
Hebert
Hebertists
Helveti