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laces。 It was a patchwork； and there were seams down the front of the legs where the crease ought to be。 I didn't want to wear the suit； but mother said it looked fine on me； and if she said so I knew it must be true。 I wore it all fall and half the winter。
The first time I went to Sunday…school； I met Babe Durgon。 He set up the cry：
〃Little boy； little boy；
Does your mother know you're out；
With your breeches put on backward；
And the seams all inside out！〃
This was the first time that my spirit had been hurt。 His words were a torment that left a scar upon my very soul。 Even to this day when I awake from some bad dream； it is a dream that I am wearing crazy breeches and all the world is jeering at me。 It has made me tender toward poor children who have to wear hand…me… downs。
To…day psychologists talk much of the 〃inferiority complex〃 which spurs a man forward to outdo himself。 But Babe Durgon and I didn't go into these matters as we trudged along through the dark on our way to do battle 〃over the line。〃 At the foot of the hill； Babe exclaimed：
〃What's the use of going any farther？ Let's fight here。〃 It was in front of a new buildinga church…school half completed。 We took off our coats and made belts of our suspenders。 Then we squared off and the fight began。 Babe rushed me like a wild boar and tried to thrust his deadly thumb into my eye。 I threw up my head and his thumb gashed my lips and went into my mouth。 The impact almost knocked me over； but my teeth had closed on his thumb and when he jerked back he put me on my balance again。 I clouted him on the jaw and knocked him down。 He landed in the lime box。 The school had not yet been plastered； and the quicklime was in an open pit。 I started in after the bully； but stopped to save my pants from the lime。 There was a hose near by； and I turned the water on Babe in the lime bath。 The lime completely covered him。 He was whipped and in fear of his life。 Choking and weeping he hollered； 〃Nuff。〃 We got him out； too weak to stand； and gently leaned him up in a corner of the school building。 There we left the crushed bully and returned to town。 But before I went I gave him this parting shot：
〃Do you know why I licked you； Babe？ It wasn't what you said in the tavern that made me mad。 I didn't want a glass of beer； and you were right in saying I was a minor。 Where you made your mistake was when you made fun of my breeches； seven years ago。 And do you remember that blue suit you had on at the time？ I know where you got that blue suit of clothes； and I know who had it before you got it。 If you still think that a bully in charity clothes can make fun of a boy in clothes that he earned with his own labor； just say so； and I'll give you another clout that will finish you。〃
All bullies； whether nations； parties or individuals； get licked in the same way。 They outrage some one's self…respect； and then the old primordial cyclone hits them。
CHAPTER II
A TRAIT OF THE WELSH PEOPLE
My family is Welsh； and I was born in Tredegar； Wales。 David and Davies are favorite names among the Welsh； probably because David whipped Goliath； and mothers named their babies after the champion。 The Welsh are a small nation that has always had to fight against a big nation。 The idea that David stopped Goliath seemed to reflect their own national glory。 The ancient invasions that poured across Britain were stopped in Wales； and they never could push the Welshmen into the sea。
The Welsh pride themselves on hanging on。 They are a nation that has never been whipped。 Every people has its characteristics。 〃You can't beat the Irish〃 is one slogan； 〃You can't kill a Swede〃 is another； and 〃You can't crowd out a Welshman〃 is a motto among the mill people。
I didn't want to leave Wales when my parents were emigrating。 Though I was not quite eight years old I decided I would let them go without me。 The last act of my mother was to reach under the bed； take hold of my heels and drag me out of the house feet first。 I tried to hang on to the cracks in the floor； and tore off a few splinters to remember the old homestead by。 I never was quite satisfied with that leave…taking； and nearly forty years later when I had car fare； I went back to that town。 I never like to go out of a place feet first； and I cleared my record this time by walking out of my native village； head up and of my own free will。
On that trip I paid a visit to the home of Lloyd George in Cricuth。 Joseph Davies； one of the war secretaries to the prime minister； invited me to dinner and we talked of the American form of government。 （Note the spelling of Davies。 It is the Welsh spelling。 When my father signed his American naturalization papers he made his mark； for he could not read nor write。 The official wrote in his name； spelling it Davis and so it has remained。） 〃You have this advantage；〃 said Mr。 Davies。 〃Your president is secure in office for four years and can put his policies through。 Our prime minister has no fixed term and may have to step out at any minute。〃
〃Yes；〃 I replied jokingly； 〃but your prime minister this time is a Welshman。〃
Since then four years have passed and our president is out。 But Lloyd George is still there （1922）。 And he'll still be there； for all I know； until he is carried out feet first。 The instinct of a Welshman is to hang on。
These things teach us that racial characteristics do not change。 In letting immigrants into this country we must remember this。 Races that have good traits built up good countries there abroad and they will in the same way build up the country here。 Tribes that have swinish traits were destroyers there and will be destroyers here。 This has been common knowledge so long that it has become a proverb： 〃You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear。〃
Proverbs are the condensed wisdom of the ages。 Life has taught me that the wisdom of the ages is the truth。 The Proverbs and the Ten Commandments answer all our problems。 My mother taught them to me when I was a child in Wales。 I have gone out and tasted life； and found her words true。 Starting at forge and furnace in the roaring mills； facing facts instead of books； I have been schooled in life's hard lessons。 And the end of it all is the same as the beginning： the Proverbs；the Commandments；and the Golden Rule。
CHAPTER III
NO GIFT FROM THE FAIRIES
From my father I learned many things。 He taught me to be skilful and proud of it。 He taught me to expect no gift from life； but that what I got I must win with my hands。 He taught me that good men would bring forth good fruits。 This was all the education he could give me； and it was enough。
My father was an iron worker； and his father before him。 My people had been workers in metal from the time when the age of farming in Wales gave way to the birth of modern industries。 They were proud of their skill； and the secrets of the trade were passed from father to son as a legacy of great value； and were never told to persons outside the family。 Such skill meant good wages when there was work。 But there was not work all the time。 Had there been jobs enough for all we would have taught our trade to all。 But in self…protection we thought of our own mouths first。 All down the generations my family has been face to face with the problem of bread。
My Grandfather Davies； held a skilled job at the blast furnace where iron was made for the rolling mill in which my father was a puddler。 Grandfather Davies had been to Russia and had helped the Russians build blast furnaces； in the days when they believed that work would make them wealthy。 Had they stuck to that truth they would not be a ruined people to…day。 Grandfather also went to America； where his skill helped build the first blast furnace in Maryland。 The furnace fires have not ceased burning here； and Russia is crying for our steel to patch her broken railways。 Her own hills are full of iron and her hands are as strong as ours。 Let them expect no gift from life。
Grandfather told my father that America offered a rich future for him and his boys。 〃The metal is there；〃 he said； 〃as it is in Russia。 Russia may never develop； but America will。 A nation's future lies not in its resources。 The American mind is right。 Go to America。〃
And because my father believed that a good people will bring forth good fruit； he left his ancient home in Wales and crossed the sea to cast his lot among strangers。
I started to school in Wales when I was four years old。 By the time I was six I thought I knew more than my teachers。 This shows about how bright I was。 The teachers had forbidden me to throw paper wads； or spitballs。 I thought I could go through the motion of throwing a spitball without letting it go。 But it slipped and I threw the wad right in the teacher's eye。 I told him it was an accident； that I had merely tried to play smart and had overreached myself。
〃Being smart is a worse fault；〃 he said； 〃than throwing spitballs。 I forgive you for throwing the spitball； but I shall whip the smart Aleckness out of you。〃
He gave me a good strapping； and I went home in rebellion。 I told my father。 I wanted him to whip the teacher。 Father said：
〃I know the teacher is a good man。 I have known him for year