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populated city to spring up here； if organised in the way proposed； and
plots of land will become as valuable to owners out there as they are to
those who possess them in the neighbourhood of the capital。
＇63＇ I adopt Zurborg's correction； ｛prosphora｝ for ｛eisphora｝； as
obviously right。 See above； iv。 23。
If； at this point； I may assume my proposals to have been carried into
effect； I think I can promise； not only that our city shall be relieved from a
financial strain； but that she shall make a great stride in orderliness and in
tactical organisation； she shall grow in martial spirit and readiness for war。
I anticipate that those who are under orders to go through gymnastic
training will devote themselves with a new zeal to the details of the
training school； now that they will receive a larger maintenance whilst＇64＇
under the orders of the trainer in the torch race。 So again those on garrison
duty in the various fortresses； those enrolled as peltasts； or again as
frontier police to protect the rural districts； one and all will carry out their
respective duties more ardently when the maintenance＇64＇ appropriate to
these several functions is duly forthcoming。
＇64＇ I follow Zurborg in omitting ｛e｝。 If ｛e｝ is to stand； transl。
〃than they get whilst supplied by the gymnasiarch in the torch race；〃
or 〃whilst exercising the office of gymnasiarchs themselves。〃 See
〃Pol。 Ath。〃 i。 13。
＇65＇ 〃State aid。〃
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On Revenues
V
But now； if it is evident that； in order to get the full benefit of all these
sources of revenue；＇1＇ peace is an indispensable condition if that is plain；
I say； the question suggests itself； would it not be worth while to appoint a
board to act as guardians of peace？ Since no doubt the election of such a
magistracy would enhance the charm of this city in the eyes of the whole
world； and add largely to the number of our visitors。 But if any one is
disposed to take the view； that by adopting a persistent peace policy；＇2＇
this city will be shorn of her power； that her glory will dwindle and her
good name be forgotten throughout the length and breadth of Hellas； the
view so taken by our friends here＇3＇ is in my poor judgment somewhat
unreasonable。 For they are surely the happy states； they； in popular
language； are most fortune…favoured； which endure in peace the longest
season。 And of all states Athens is pre…eminently adapted by nature to
flourish and wax strong in peace。 The while she abides in peace she cannot
fail to exercise an attractive force on all。 From the mariner and the
merchant upwards； all seek her； flocking they come； the wealthy dealers in
corn and wine＇4＇ and oil； the owner of many cattle。 And not these only；
but the man who depends upon his wits； whose skill it is to do business
and make gain out of money＇5＇ and its employment。 And here another
crowd； artificers of all sorts； artists and artisans； professors of wisdom；＇6＇
philosophers； and poets； with those who exhibit and popularise their
works。＇7＇ And next a new train of pleasure…seekers； eager to feast on
everything sacred or secular；＇8＇ which may captivate and charm eye and
ear。 Or once again； where are all those who seek to effect a rapid sale or
purchase of a thousand commodities； to find what they want； if not at
Athens？
＇1＇ Or； 〃to set these several sources of revenue flowing in full
stream。〃
＇2＇ Cf。 〃a policy of peace at any price；〃 or； 〃by persisting for any
length of time in the enjoyment of peace。〃
＇3＇ ｛kai outoi ge｝。 The speaker waves his hand to the quarter of the
house where the anti…peace party is seated。
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On Revenues
＇4＇ After Zurborg； I omit ｛oukh oi eduoinoi｝。
＇5＇ Reading ｛kai ap arguriou｝； with Zurborg。
＇6＇ Lit。 〃Sophists。〃 See Grote； 〃H。 G。〃 viii。 lxvii。 note； p。 497。
＇7＇ E。g。 chorus…trainers； musicians； grammarians； rhapsodists； and
actors。
＇8＇ Or； 〃sacred and profane。〃
But if there is no desire to gainsay these viewsonly that certain
people； in their wish to recover that headship＇9＇ which was once the pride
of our city； are persuaded that the accomplishment of their hopes is to be
found； not in peace but in war； I beg them to reflect on some matters of
history； and to begin at the beginning；＇10＇ the Median war。 Was it by high…
handed violence； or as benefactors of the Hellenes； that we obtained the
headship of the naval forces； and the trusteeship of the treasury of
Hellas？＇11＇ Again； when through the too cruel exercise of her presidency；
as men thought； Athens was deprived of her empire； is it not the case that
even in those days；＇12＇ as soon as we held aloof from injustice we were
once more reinstated by the islanders； of their own free will； as presidents
of the naval force？ Nay； did not the very Thebans； in return for certain
benefits； grant to us Athenians to exercise leadership over them？＇13＇ And
at another date the Lacedaemonans suffered us Athenians to arrange the
terms of hegemony＇14＇ at our discretion； not as driven to such submission；
but in requital of kindly treatment。 And to…day； owing to the chaos＇15＇
which reigns in Hellas； if I mistake not； an opportunity has fallen to this
city of winning back our fellow…Hellenes without pain or peril or expense
of any sort。 It is given to us to try and harmonise states which are at war
with one another： it is given to us to reconcile the differences of rival
factions within those states themselves； wherever existing。
＇9＇ Lit。 〃her hegemony for the city；〃 B。C。 476。
＇10＇ 〃And first of all。〃
＇11＇ See Thuc。 i。 96。
＇12＇ B。C。 378。 Second confederacy of Delos。 See Grote； 〃H。 G。〃 x。
152。
＇13＇ B。C。 375。 Cf。 〃Hell。〃 V。 iv。 62； Grote； 〃H。 G。〃 x。 139； Isocr。
〃Or。〃 xiv。 20； Diod。 Sic。 xv。 29。
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On Revenues
＇14＇ B。C。 369 （al。 B。C。 368）。 Cf。 〃Hell。〃 VII。 i。 14。
＇15＇ See 〃Hell。〃VII。 v。 27。
Make it but evident that we are minded to preserve the
independence＇16＇ of the Delphic shrine in its primitive integrity； not by
joining in any war but by the moral force of embassies throughout the
length and breadth of Hellasand I for one shall not be astonished if you
find our brother Hellenes of one sentiment and eager under seal of solemn
oaths＇17＇ to proceed against those； whoever they may be； who shall
seek＇18＇ to step into the place vacated by the Phocians and to occupy the
sacred shrine。 Make it but evident that you intend to establish a general
peace by land and sea； and； if I mistake not； your efforts will find a
response in the hearts of all。 There is no man but will pray for the
salvation of Athens next to that of his own fatherland。
＇16＇ 〃Autonomy。〃
＇17＇ See Thuc。 v。 18； clause 2 of the Treaty of Peace； B。C。 422…421。
＇18＇ Reading； with Zurborg； ｛peironto｝。 Or； if the vulgate
｛epeironto｝； transl。 〃against those who sought to step。〃
Again； is any one persuaded that； looking solely to riches and money…
making； the state may find war more profitable than peace？ If so； I cannot
conceive a better method to decide that question than to allow the mind to
revert＇19＇ to the past history of the state and to note well the sequence of
events。 He will discover that in times long gone by during a period of
peace vast wealth was stored up in the acropolis； the whole of which was
lavishly expended during a subsequent period of war。 He will perceive； if
he examines closely； that even at the present time we are suffering from its
ill effects。 Countless sources of revenue have failed； or if they have still