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The very pithiness of it； so characteristic of the excellent but bigoted Omar； is enough to cast suspicion upon it。 De Quincey tells us that 〃if a saying has a proverbial fame； the probability is that it was never said。〃 How many amusing stories stand a chance of going down to posterity as the inventions of President Lincoln； of which； nevertheless； he is doubtless wholly innocent！ How characteristic was Caesar's reply to the frightened pilot！ Yet in all probability Caesar never made it。
Now for the evidence。 Alexandria was captured by Armrou in 640。 The story of the burning of the library occurs for the first time in the works of Abulpharagius； who flourished in 1264。 Six hundred years had elapsed。 It is as if a story about the crusades of Louis IX。 were to be found for the first time in the writings of Mr。 Bancroft。 The Byzantine historians were furiously angry with the Saracens； why did they； one and all； neglect to mention such an outrageous piece of vandalism？ Their silence must be considered quite conclusive。 Moreover we know 〃that the caliphs had forbidden under severe penalties the destruction〃 of Jewish and Christian books； a circumstance wholly inconsistent with this famous story。 And finally； what a mediaeval recklessness of dates is shown in lugging into the story John the Grammarian； who was dead and in his grave when Alexandria was taken by Amrou！
But the chief item of proof remains to be mentioned。 The Saracens did not burn the library； because there was no library there for them to burn！ It had been destroyed just two hundred and fifty years before by a rabble of monks； incited by the patriarch Theophilus； who saw in such a vast collection of pagan literature a perpetual insult and menace to religion。 In the year 390 this turbulent bigot sacked the temple of Serapis； where the books were kept； and drove out the philosophers who lodged there。 Of this violent deed we have contemporary evidence； for Orosius tells us that less than fifteen years afterwards； while passing through Alexandria； he saw the empty shelves。 This fact disposes of the story。
Passing from Egypt to France； and from the seventh century to the fifteenth； we meet with a much more difficult problem。 That Jeanne d'Arc was burnt at the stake； at Rouen； on the 30th of May； 1431； and her bones and ashes thrown into the Seine； is generally supposed to be as indisputable as any event in modern history。 Such is； however； hardly the case。 Plausible evidence has been brought to prove that Jeanne d'Arc was never burnt at the stake； but lived to a ripe age； and was even happily married to a nobleman of high rank and reputation。 We shall abridge Mr。 Delepierre's statement of this curious case。
In the archives of Metz； Father Vignier discovered the following remarkable entry： 〃In the year 1436； Messire Phlin Marcou was Sheriff of Metz； and on the 20th day of May of the aforesaid year came the maid Jeanne； who had been in France； to La Grange of Ormes； near St。 Prive； and was taken there to confer with any one of the sieurs of Metz； and she called herself Claude； and on the same day there came to see her there her two brothers； one of whom was a knight； and was called Messire Pierre； and the other 'petit Jehan；' a squire； and they thought that she had been burnt； but as soon as they saw her they recognized her and she them。 And on Monday； the 21st day of the said month； they took their sister with them to Boquelon； and the sieur Nicole； being a knight； gave her a stout stallion of the value of thirty francs； and a pair of saddle…cloths； the sieur Aubert Boulle； a riding…hood； the sieur Nicole Groguet； a sword； and the said maiden mounted the said horse nimbly； and said several things to the sieur Nicole by which he well understood that it was she who had been in France； and she was recognized by many tokens to be the maid Jeanne of France who escorted King Charles to Rheims； and several declared that she had been burnt in Normandy； and she spoke mostly in parables。 She afterwards returned to the town of Marnelle for the feast of Pentecost； and remained there about three weeks； and then set off to go to Notre Dame d'Alliance。 And when she wished to leave； several of Metz went to see her at the said Marnelle and gave her several jewels； and they knew well that she was the maid Jeanne of France； and she then went to Erlon； in the Duchy of Luxembourg； where she was thronged；。。。。 and there was solemnized the marriage of Monsieur de Hermoise； knight； and the said maid Jeanne； and afterwards the said sieur Hermoise； with his wife； the Maid； came to live at Metz； in the house the said sieur had； opposite St。 Seglenne； and remained there until it pleased them to depart。〃
This is surprising enough； but more remains behind。 Dining shortly afterwards with M。 des Armoises； member of one of the oldest families in Lorraine； Father Vignier was invited to look over the family archives； that he might satisfy his curiosity regarding certain ancestors of his host。 And on looking over the family register； what was his astonishment at finding a contract of marriage between Robert des Armoises； Knight； and Jeanne d'Arcy； the so…called Maid of Orleans！
In 1740； some time after these occurrences； there was found； in the town hall of Orleans； a bill of one Jacques l'Argentier； of the year 1436； in which mention is made of a small sum paid for refreshments furnished to a messenger who had brought letters from the Maid of Orleans； and of twelve livres given to Jean du Lis； brother of Jeanne d'Arc； to help him pay the expenses of his journey back to his sister。 Then come two charges which we shall translate literally。 〃To the sieur de Lis； 18th October； 1436； for a journey which he made through the said city while on his way to the Maid； who was then at Erlon in Luxembourg； and for carrying letters from Jeanne the Maid to the King at Loicher； where he was then staying； six livres。〃 And again： 〃To Renard Brune； 25th July； 1435； at evening； for paying the hire of a messenger who was carrying letters from Jeanne the Maid； and was on his way to William Beliers； bailiff of Troyes； two livres。〃
As no doubt has been thrown upon the genuineness of these documents； it must be considered established that in 1436； five years after the public execution at Rouen； a young woman； believed to be the real Jeanne d'Arc； was alive in Lorraine and was married to a M。 Hermoises or Armoises。 She may； of course； have been an impostor； but in this case it is difficult to believe that her brothers； Jean and Pierre； and the people of Lorraine； where she was well known； would not have detected the imposture at once。 And that Jean du Lis； during a familiar intercourse of at least several months； as indicated in the above extracts； should have continued to mistake a stranger for his own sister； with whom he had lived from childhood； seems a very absurd supposition。 Nor is it likely that an impostor would have exposed herself to such a formidable test。 If it had been a bold charlatan who； taking advantage of the quite general belief； to which we have ample testimony； that there was something more in the execution at Rouen than was allowed to come to the surface； had resolved to usurp for herself the honours due to the woman who had saved France； she would hardly have gone at the outset to a part of the country where the real Maid had spent nearly all her life。 Her instant detection and exposure； perhaps a disgraceful punishment； would have been inevitable。 But if this person were the real Jeanne； escaped from prison or returning from an exile dictated by prudence； what should she have done but go straightway to the haunts of her childhood； where she might meet once more her own friends and family？
But the account does not end here。 M。 Wallon； in his elaborate history of Jeanne d'Arc； states that in 1436 the supposed Maid visited France； and appears to have met some of the men…at…arms with whom she had fought。 In 1439 she came to Orleans； for in the accounts of the town we read； 〃July 28； for ten pints of wine presented to Jeanne des Armoises； 14 sous。〃 And on the day of her departure； the citizens of Orleans； by a special decree of the town…council； presented her with 210 livres； 〃for the services which she had rendered to the said city during the siege。〃 At the same time the annual ceremonies for the repose of her soul were； quite naturally； suppressed。 Now we may ask if it is at all probable that the people of Orleans； who； ten years before； during the siege； must have seen the Maid day after day； and to whom her whole appearance must have been perfectly familiar； would have been likely to show such attentions as these to an impostor？ 〃In 1440；〃 says Mr。 Delepierre； 〃the people so firmly believed that Jeanne d'Arc was still alive； and that another had been sacrificed in her place； that an adventuress who endeavoured to pass herself off as the Maid of Orleans was ordered by the government to be exposed before the public on the marble stone of the palace hall； in order to prove that she was an impostor。 Why were not such measures taken against the real Maid of Orleans； who is mentioned in so many public documents； and who took no pains to hide herself？〃
There is yet another document bearing on this cas