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are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care；
but there is something very absurd； in supposing a continent
to be perpetually governed by an island。 In no instance hath
nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet；
and as England and America； with respect to each other；
reverses the common order of nature； it is evident they belong
to different systems； England to Europe； America to itself。
I am not induced by motives of pride； party； or resentment
to espouse the doctrine of separation and independance；
I am clearly； positively； and conscientiously persuaded
that it is the true interest of this continent to be so；
that every thing short of THAT is mere patchwork；
that it can afford no lasting felicity；
that it is leaving the sword to our children；
and shrinking back at a time； when； a little more；
a little farther； would have rendered this continent
the glory of the earth。
As Britain hath not manifested the least inclination towards
a compromise； we may be assured that no terms can be obtained
worthy the acceptance of the continent； or any ways equal
to the expense of blood and treasure we have been already put to。
The object； contended for； ought always to bear some just proportion
to the expense。 The removal of North； or the whole detestable junto；
is a matter unworthy the millions we have expended。 A temporary stoppage
of trade； was an inconvenience； which would have sufficiently balanced
the repeal of all the acts complained of； had such repeals been obtained；
hut if the whole continent must take up arms； if every man must be a soldier；
it is scarcely worth our while to fight against a contemptible ministry only。
Dearly； dearly； do we pay for the repeal of the acts； if that is all
we fight for； for in a just estimation； it is as great a folly to pay
a Bunker…hill price for law； as for land。 As I have always considered
the independancy of this continent； as an event； which sooner or later
must arrive； so from the late rapid progress of the continent to maturity；
the event could not be far off。 Wherefore； on the breaking out of hostilities；
it was not worth while to have disputed a matter； which time would have
finally redressed； unless we meant to be in earnest； otherwise； it is like
wasting an estate on a suit at law； to regulate the trespasses of a tenant；
whose lease is just expiring。 No man was a warmer wisher for reconciliation
than myself； before the fatal nineteenth of April 1775； but the moment
the event of that day was made known； I rejected the hardened；
sullen tempered Pharaoh of England for ever； and disdain the wretch；
that with the pretended title of FATHER OF HIS PEOPLE can unfeelingly hear
of their slaughter； and composedly sleep with their blood upon his soul。
But admitting that matters were now made up； what would be the event？
I answer； the ruin of the continent。 And that for several reasons。
FIRST。 The powers of governing still remaining in the hands
of the king； he will have a negative over the whole legislation
of this continent。 And as he hath shewn himself such an
inveterate enemy to liberty。 and discovered such a thirst
for arbitrary power； is he； or is he not； a proper man to say to
these colonies； 〃YOU SHALL MAKE NO LAWS BUT WHAT I PLEASE。'
And is there any inhabitant in America so ignorant as not to know；
that according to what is called the PRESENT CONSTITUTION；
that this continent can make no laws but what the king gives leave to；
and is there any man so unwise； as not to see； that （considering what
has happened） he will suffer no law to be made here； but such as suit
HIS purpose。 We may be as effectually enslaved by the want
of laws in America； as by submitting to laws made for us in England。
After matters are made up （as it is called） can there be any doubt；
but the whole power of the crown will be exerted； to keep this continent
as low and humble as possible？ Instead of going forward we shall
go backward； or be perpetually quarrelling or ridiculously petitioning。
WE are already greater than the king wishes us to be； and will he not
hereafter endeavour to make us less？ To bring the matter to one point。
Is the power who is jealous of our prosperity； a proper power to govern us？
Whoever says No to this question； is an INDEPENDANT； for independancy
means no more； than； whether we shall make our own laws；
or whether the king； the greatest enemy this continent hath；
or can have； shall tell us 〃THERE SHALL BE NO LAWS BUT SUCH AS I LIKE。〃
But the king you will say has a negative in England； the people there
can make no laws without his consent。 In point of right and good order；
there is something very ridiculous； that a youth of twenty…one
（which hath often happened） shall say to several millions of people；
older and wiser than himself； I forbid this or that act of yours to be law。
But in this place I decline this sort of reply； though I will never cease
to expose the absurdity of it； and only answer； that England being the King's
residence； and America not so； makes quite another case。 The king's negative
HERE is ten times more dangerous and fatal than it can be in England；
for THERE he will scarcely refuse his consent to a bill for putting England
into as strong a state of defense as possible； and in America he would never
suffer such a bill to be passed。
America is only a secondary object in the system of British politics；
England consults the good of THIS country； no farther than it answers
her OWN purpose。 Wherefore； her own interest leads her to suppress
the growth of OURS in every case which doth not promote her advantage；
or in the least interferes with it。 A pretty state we should soon be in
under such a secondhand government； considering what has happened！
Men do not change from enemies to friends by the alteration of a name：
And in order to shew that reconciliation now is a dangerous doctrine；
I affirm； THAT IT WOULD BE POLICY IN THE KING AT THIS TIME； TO REPEAL
THE ACTS FOR THE SAKE OF REINSTATING HIMSELF IN THE GOVERNMENT
OF THE PROVINCES； in order； that HE MAY ACCOMPLISH BY CRAFT AND SUBTLETY；
IN THE LONG RUN； WHAT HE CANNOT DO BY FORCE AND VIOLENCE IN THE SHORT ONE。
Reconciliation and ruin are nearly related。
SECONDLY。 That as even the best terms； which we can expect to obtain；
can amount to no more than a temporary expedient； or a kind of government
by guardianship； which can last no longer than till the colonies come of age；
so the general face and state of things； in the interim； will be unsettled
and unpromising。 Emigrants of property will not choose to come to a country
whose form of government hangs but by a thread； and who is every day tottering
on the brink of commotion and disturbance； and numbers of the present
inhabitants would lay hold of the interval； to dispense of their effects；
and quit the continent。
But the most powerful of all arguments； is； that nothing but independence；
i。e。 a continental form of government； can keep the peace of the continent
and preserve it inviolate from civil wars。 I dread the event of a
reconciliation with Britain now； as it is more than probable；
that it will be followed by a revolt somewhere or other； the consequences
of which may be far more fatal than all the malice of Britain。
Thousands are already ruined by British barbarity； （thousands more will
probably suffer the same fate） Those men have other feelings than us who
have nothing suffered。 All they NOW possess is liberty； what they before
enjoyed is sacrificed to its service； and having nothing more to lose；
they disdain submission。 Besides； the general temper of the colonies；
towards a British government； will be like that of a youth；
who is nearly out of his time； they will care very little about her。
And a government which cannot preserve the peace； is no government at all；
and in that case we pay our money for nothing； and pray what is it that
Britain can do； whose power will he wholly on paper。 should a civil
tumult break out the very day after reconciliation！ I have heard
some men say； many of whom I believe spoke without thinking； that they
dreaded an independence； fearing that it would produce civil wars。
It is but seldom that our first thoughts are truly correct； and that
is the case here； for there are ten times more to dread from a patched up
connection than from independence。 I make the sufferers case my own；
and I protest； that were I driven from house and home； my property destroyed；
and my circumstances ruined； that as man； sensible of injuries； I could never
relish the doctrine of reconciliation； or consider myself bound thereby。
The colonies have manifested such a spirit of good order and obedience
to continental government； as is sufficient to make every reasonable
person easy and happy on that head。 No man can assign the least pretence
for his fears； on any other grounds； than such as are truly