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the north american species of-第4章

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  ** Central spines present and one or more hooked。   +  Mostly globose and simple plants (occasionally somewhat      cylindrical)。

15。 Cactus wrightii (Engelm。) Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。

  Mamillaria wrightii  Engelm。 Syn。 Cact。 262 (1856)。

Globose or depressed globose (top…shaped below); 3 to 7。5 cm。 in diameter; simple: tubercles 10 to 12 mm。 long; with naked axils: radial spines 8 to 12; white (the upper dusky…tipped); pubescent; 8 to 12 mm。 long central spines mostly 2 (usually side by side and divergent); rarely 1 or 3; scarcely longer; hooked and reddish…black: flowers 2。5 cm。 long; bright purple: fruit about 2。5 cm。 long; somewhat subglobose; purple: seeds 1。4 mm long; black and pitted。  (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。8。 figs。 1…8)  Type; Wright of 1851 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。

High plains and rocky places; from the Upper Pecos; east of Santa Fe; N。 Mex。; southward through extreme southwestern Texas (between the Pecos and El Paso); and into Chihuahua (near Lake Santa Maria)。

Specimens examined: New Mexico (Wright of 1851; Rusby of 1880): also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。

Dr。 Engelmann calls attention to the fact that this species is closely allied to the Mexican C。 zephranthoides (Scheidw。); but in the absence of material representing the latter species no comparison can be made。  In descriptions of the Mexican species the differently colored flowers and the much longer spines suggest differences that an examination of fruit and seed characters may still further emphasize。

16。 Cactus goodrichii (Scheer) Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。

  Mamillaria goodrichii  Scheer in Salm Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 91   (1850)。

Globose or ovate; 5 to 7。5 cm。 high; subsimple: tubercles ovate; short (3 to 5 mm。); somewhat corky and persistent; with dense wool in the young axils containing 5 to 8 stiff bristles: radial spines 11 to 15 (the uppermost one sometimes wanting); white and rigid; 5 to 7 mm。 long; entangled with adjoining clusters; central spines 3 or 4 (often solitary in young plants); brownish…black;the upper ones divergent and straight (rarely showing a tendency to hook); the lower longer (9 to 10 mm。); stouter and hooked (usually upwards): flowers 12 to 18 mm; long; the petals yellowish…white with red midribs: fruit clavate and scarlet。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 8。 figs。 9…14)  Type: Scheer says that the plant was brought from the Island of 〃Corros〃 (Cedros?) by Dr。 Goodrich; and 〃unfortunately perished in the gardens;〃 which generally means that there is not a fragment of the type in existence。

In dry ravines; from San Diego County; California; southward throughout Lower California and the neighboring islands (including Guadalupe Island)。  〃Llavina。〃

Specimens examined: California (Parry of 1850; 1875; Agassiz of 1872; Parish 450 of 1882 at Vallecito): Lower California (Gabb 18 of 1867; Brandegee of 1889 on Magdalena Island; and 240 of 1890 from San Jose del Cabo): also specimens cultivated in Gard。 Salm…Dyck。

By a misprint in Cact。 Mex。 Bound; the specific name appeared as 〃Goodridgii;〃 and this error appears in almost every subsequent mention of the species; even in Watson's Bibliographical Index; although in Syn。 Cact。 and other references by Dr。 Engelmann the correct form appears。

17。 Cactus pondii (Greene)。

  Mamillaria pondii  Greene; Pittonia; i; 268 (1889)。

Oval or cylindrical; from low to 30 cm。 high; simple or sparingly branched: radial spines 20 to 30; white and slender; centrals 4 or 5; the longest over 25 mm; long; rigid and strongly hooked; dark brown above the middle: flowers nearly 5 cm。 long; bright; scarlet: fruit unknown。  Type; Pond specimens in Herb。 Greene。

Cedros Island; off the west coast of Lower California。  Fl。 February。

Unfortunately; the type specimen has been mislaid; so that no examination of it could be made。  Evidently related to C。 goodrichii; but differing in its much more robust habit; more numerous radials; much longer spines; and larger scarlet flowers。

18。 Cactus barbatus (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。

  Mamillaria barbata  Engelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 22 (1848)。

Depressed…globose; about 4 cm。 in diameter; simple: tubercles 8 mm。 long; with naked axils: radial spines very numerous (50 to 60); in two series; 6 to 8 mm。 long; the outer (about 40) slender but rigid and white; the inner (10 to 15) a little stouter and yellow; usually one central spine; stout and erect; hooked downwards; brownish: flowers 18 to 20 mm。 long; rose…red: fruit oblong; 10 to 12 mm。 long; green (when mature?): seeds minute; dark brown and lightly pitted。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound t。 6。 figs。 9…12)  Type; Wislizenus of 1846 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。

Central Chihuahua。  Fl。 May; in cultivation。

Specimens examined: Chihuahua (Wislizenus of 1846; 1850): also specimens cultivated in Baumann's Garden in 1857; 1858; also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。

Dr。 Engelmann observed a curious intermediate character in the origin of the flowers of this species; the first ones of the season appearing in the axils of the last tubercles of the preceding year; while the later ones develop from the axils of the first tubercles of the same season。  The specimen growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard; in 1893 had 3 central spines; one or two being hooked。

19。 Cactus grahami (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。

  Mamillaria grahami  Engelm。 Syn。 Cact。 262 (1856)。

Globose or at length ovate; 2。5 to 7。5 cm。 high; simple or branched from the base and even cespitose: tubercles ovate; 6 mm。 long; dilated at base (corky and persistent when old); with naked axils: radial spines 15 to 30 in a single series; white; often dusky…tipped; slender but rigid; naked or puberulent; 6 to 12 mm。 long; the shorter ones uppermost; the longer ones lateral; central spines 1 to 3; blackish from a paler base; the lower (often the only) one stouter and longer (6 to 18 mm。); hooked upward; the one or two upper ones (when present) shorter and slenderer; divergent: flowers 2 to 2。5 cm。 long; rose…colored: fruit 2 to 2。5 cm。 long: seeds 0。8 to 1 mm。 long; black and pitted。  (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 6。 figs。 1…8)  Type; Wright of 1852 and Bigelow of 1852 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。

In rocky places; from the mountains of extreme southwestern Texas (west of the Pecos) to southern Utah; southern California (common along the Colorado); and Sonora。  Fl。 June…August。

Specimens examined: Texas (Wright of 1852; Newberry of 1858; G。 R。 Vasey of 1881; Miller of 1881; Briggs of 1892): New Mexico (Evans of 1891): Arizona (Bigelow of 1852; Schott of 1858; Cous of 1865; Palmer of 1869; 1870; Engelmann of 1880; Pringle of 1884): Utah (Parry of 1874): Sonora (Schott of 1853): also specimens cultivated in the Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 in 1881。

In all references to the fruit of this species it is described as 〃oval and green;〃 except in Ives Report; where Dr。 Engelmann describes its real character as the ordinary fruit of Eumamillaria。  The immature fruit is 〃oval and green;〃 but with maturity it becomes clavate and scarlet。  The Utah specimens of Parry show an exceptional character in their 30 to 33 scabrous radial spines; but otherwise they are quite normal。  M。 microcarpa Engelm。; Emory's Rep。 156。 f。 3; should be dropped as a synonym of this species; at least as to figure and description。 In all probability C。grahami is one of the forms of the Mexican C。 schelhasii (Pfeiff。)。  Except that in C。 grahami the radial spines are apt to be more numerous and longer; and the centrals much darker; and in C。 schelhasii the 3 centrals seem to be always present and sometimes all hooked; the descriptions suggest no difference。  In the absence of authentic specimens of the latter species; however; and with its fruit and seed entirely unknown; such a reference of C。 grahami must be deferred。

20。 Cactus bocasanus (Poselger)。

  Mamillaria bocasana  Poselger; Gart。 Zeit。 94 (1853)。

Depressed…globose; 2 to 3 cm。 high: tubercles 8 mm。 long; with long axillary wool: radial spines 25 to 30; white and capillary; 10 to 25 mm。 long; central spines 2 to 4; slender and naked (or slightly puberulent); the most central one hooked (usually upwards); 15 to 25 mm。 long; the upper 1 to 3 shorter and straight; all yellow with red tips; the hooked one often brownish…red nearly to the base: flowers unknown: fruit green; about 4 mm。 long: seeds cinnamon…brown; oblique; broadly obovate; with narrowly ovate basal hilum。  Type unknown。

San Luis Potosi; so far as known。  Poselger says; 〃Texas; auf der Seira de Bocas; among rocks;〃 which station we have been unable to locate。

Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi (Eschanzier of 1891): also specimens cultivated in Hort。 Pfersdorff in 1869; in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 in 1891; also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。

The capillary radials give the plant a white…woolly appearance。  The younger spines at the vertex are erect and tufted。  It resembles C。 grahami; but the tubercles are much more slender and not thickened at base; all the spines are more slender; the central hooked one is more reddish; and the fruit is much shorter。

21。 Cactus eschanzieri; sp。 nov。

Depressed…globose; 3 cm。 in diameter; simple: tubercles broader at base; 6 to 8 mm。 long; with naked axils: spines all pubescent; radials 15 to 20; with
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