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（Fontainbleau Club； founded May 5； 1791）。 Albert Babeau； I。434 and
following pages （foundation of the Troyes Club； Oct 1790）。 Sauzay；
I 206 and following pages （foundation of the Besan？on Club Aug。 28；
1790）。 Ibid。； 214 （foundation of the Pontarlier Club； March； 1791）
＇22＇ Sauzay； I。 214 （April 2； 1791）
＇23＇ 〃Journal des Amis de la Constitution；〃 I。 534 （Letter of the
〃Café National〃 Club of Bordeaux； Jan。29； 1791）。 Guillon de
Monthléon； I。 88。…〃The French Revolution；〃 vol。 I。 128； 242。
＇24＇ Here we have a complete system of propaganda and organizational
tactics identical to those used by the NAZIS； the Marxist…Leninists
and other 'children' of the original communist…Jacobins。 （SR。）
＇25＇ Eugène Hatin； 〃Histoire politique et littéraire de la presse；〃
IV。 210 （with Marat's text in 〃L'Ami 〃I'Ami du peuple；〃 and Fréron's
in 〃l'Orateur du peuple〃）。
＇26＇ Mercure de France； Nov。 27； 1790。
＇27＇ Mercure de France； Sept。 3； 1791 （article by Mallet du Pan）。 〃On
the strength of a denunciation； the authors of which I knew； the
Luxembourg section on the 21st of June； the day of the king's
departure； sent commissaries and a military detachment to my domicile。
There was no judicial verdict； no legal order； either of police…court；
or justice of the peace； no examination whatever preceding this
mission。 。 。 The employees of the section overhauled my papers； books
and letters； transcribing some of the latter； and carried away copies
and the originals； putting seals on the rest； which were left in
charge of two fusiliers。〃
＇28＇ Mercure de France； Aug。 27； 1791 （report by Duport…Dutertre；
Minister of Justice）。 Ibid。； Cf。 numbers of Sept。 8； 1790； and
March 12； 1791。
＇29＇ Sauzay； I。208。 （Petition of the officers of the National Guard of
Besan？on； and observations of the municipal body； Sept。 15； 1790。
Petition of 500 national guards； Dec。 15； 1790）。 Observations of
the district directory； which directory； having authorized the club；
avows that 〃three…quarters〃 of the national guard and a portion of
other citizens 〃are quite hostile to it。〃 Similar petitions at Dax；
Chalons…sur…Sa？ne； etc。； against the local club。
＇30＇ 〃Lettres〃 （manuscript） of M。 Roullé； deputy from Pontivy； to his
constituents （May 1； 1789）。
＇31＇ A rule of the association says： 〃The object of the association is
to discuss questions beforehand which are to be decided by the
National Assembly； 。 。 。 and to correspond with associations of the
same character which may be formed in the kingdom。〃
＇32＇ Grégoires； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 387。
＇33＇ Malouet； II。 248。 〃I saw counselor Duport； who was a fanatic； and
not a bad man； with two or three others like him； exclaim： 'Terror！
Terror！ What a pity that it has become necessary！
＇34＇ Lafayette； 〃Mémoires〃 （in relation to Messieurs de Lameth and
their friends）。 According to a squib of the day： 〃What Duport
thinks； Barnave says and Lameth does〃 This trio was named the
Triumvirate。 Mirabeau； a government man； and a man to whom brutal
disorder was repugnant； called it the Triumgueusat。 （A trinity of
shabby fellows）
＇35＇ Moniteur； V。212； 583。 （Report and speech of Dupont de Nemours；
sessions of July 31 and September 7； 1790。） Vagabonds and ruffians
begin to play their parts in Paris on the 27th of April； 1789 （the
Réveillon affair）。 Already on the 30th of July； 1789； Rivarol
wrote： 〃Woe to whoever stirs up the dregs of a nation！ The century
Enlightenment has not touched the populace！〃 In the preface of his
future dictionary； he refers to his articles of this period： 〃There
may be seen the precautions I took to prevent Europe from attributing
to the French nation the horrors committed by the crowd of ruffians
which the Revolution and the gold of a great personage had attracted
to the capital。〃 〃Letter of a deputy to his constituents；〃
published by Duprez； Paris； in the beginning of 1790 （cited by M。 de
Ségur； in the Revue de France； September 1； 1880）。 It relates to the
maneuvers for forcing a vote in favor of confiscating clerical
property。 〃Throughout All…Saints' day （November 1； 1789）； drums were
beaten to call together the band known here as the Coadjutors of the
Revolution。 On the morning of November 2； when the deputies went to
the Assembly； they found the cathedral square and all the avenues to
the archbishop's palace； where the sessions were held； filled with an
innumerable crowd of people。 This army was composed of from 20；000 to
25；000 men； of which the greater number had no shoes or stockings；
woollen caps and rags formed their uniform and they had clubs instead
of guns。 They overwhelmed the ecclesiastical deputies with insults； as
they passed on their way； and shouted that they would massacre without
mercy all who would not vote for stripping the clergy。 。 。 Near 300
deputies who were opposed to the motion did not dare attend the
Assembly。 。 。 The rush of ruffians in the vicinity of the hall； their
comments and threats； excited fears of this atrocious project being
carried out。 All who did not feel courageous enough to sacrifice
themselves； avoided going to the Assembly。〃 （The decree was adopted by
378 votes against 346。）
＇36＇ Cf。 〃The Ancient Régime；〃 p。 51。
＇37＇ Malouet； 1。247； 248。 〃Correspondence （manuscript） of M。 de
Sta？l；〃 Swedish Ambassador； with his court； copied from the archives
at Stockholm by M。 Léouzon…le…Duc。 Letter from M。 Sta？l of April 21；
1791： 〃M。 Laclos； secret agent of this wretched prince； （is a） clever
and subtle intriguer。〃 April 24： 〃His agents are more to be feared
than himself。 Through his bad conduct； he is more of a nuisance than
a benefit to his party。
＇38＇ Especially after the king's flight to Varennes； and at the time
of the affair in the Champ de Mars。 The petition of the Jacobins was
drawn up by Laclos and Brissot。
＇39＇ Investigations at the Chatelet； testimony of Count d'Absac de
Ternay。
＇40＇ Malouet I。 247； 248。 This evidence is conclusive。 〃Apart from
what I saw myself；〃 says Malouet； 〃M。 de Montmorin and M。 Delessart
communicated to me all the police reports of 1789 and 1790。〃
＇41＇ Sauzay； II。79 （municipal election； Nov。15； 1791）。 III。 221
（mayoralty election； November； 1792）。 The half…way moderates had 237
votes； and the sans…culottes； 310。
＇42＇ Mercure de France； Nov。 26； 1791 （Pétion was elected mayor；
Nov。17； by 6；728 votes out of 10；682 voters）。 Mortimer…Ternaux； V。
95。 （Oct 4； 1792； Pétion was elected mayor by 13；746 votes out of
14；137 voters。 He declines。 … Oct。 21； d'Ormessan； a moderate； who
declines to stand； has nevertheless； 4；910 votes。 His competitor；
Lhuillier； a pure Jacobin； obtains only 4；896。）
＇43＇ Albert Babeau； II。 15。 （The 32；000 inhabitants of Troyes indicate
about 7；000 electors。 In December； 1792； Jacquet is elected mayor by
400 votes out of 555 voters。 A striking coincidence is found in there
being 400 members of the Troyes club at this time。） Carnot；
Mémoires；〃 I。 181。 〃Dr。 Bollmann； who passed through Strasbourg in
1792； relates that out of 8；000 qualified citizens； only 400 voters
presented themselves。
＇44＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； VI。 21。 In February； 1793； Pache is elected
mayor of Paris by 11；881 votes。 … Journal de Paris； number 185。
Henriot； July 2； 1793； is elected commander…in…chief of the Paris
national guard； by 9；084； against 6；095 votes given for his
competitor； Raffet。 The national guard comprises at this time110；000
registered members； besides 10；000 gendarmes and federates。 Many of
Henriot's partisans； again； voted twice。 （Cf。 on the elections and the
number of Jacobins at Paris； chapters XI。 and XII。 of this volume。）
＇45＇ Michelet； VI。 95。 〃Almost all （the missionary representatives）
were supported by only； the smallest minority。 Baudot； for instance；
at Toulouse； in 1793； had but 400 men for him。〃
＇46＇ For example； 〃Archives Nationales；〃 Fl 6； carton 3。 Petition of
the inhabitants of Arnay…le…Duc to the king （April； 1792）； very
insulting； employing the most familiar language； about fifty
signatures。 Sauzay； III。 ch。 XXXV。 and XXXIV。 （details of local
elections）。 … Ibid。； VII。 687 （letter of Grégoire； Dec。 24； 1796）。
Malouet； II。 531 （letter by Malouet； July 22； 1779）。 Malouet and
Grégoire agree on the number 300；000。 Marie…Joseph Chénier （Moniteur；
XII； 695； 20 avril 1792） carries it up to 400；000。
＇47＇ Cf。 〃The French Revolution；〃 Vol。 I。 book II。 Ch。 III。
＇48＇ Cf。 〃The Ancient Régime；〃 p。352。
＇49＇ 〃Memoires de Madame de Sapinaud；〃 p。 18。 Reply of M。 de Sapinaud
to the peasants of La Vendée； who wished him to act as their general：
〃My friends； it is the earthen pot against the iron pot。 What could we
do？ One department against eighty…two … we should be smashed！〃
＇50＇ Malouet； II。 241。 〃I knew a clerk in one of the bureaus； who；
during these sad days 〃September； 1792）； never missed going。 as