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＇10＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 Letter of the administrators of Var； May。
27。 The saying is the summary of the revolutionary spirit； it recurs
constantly。 Cf。 the Duc de Montpensier； 〃Mémoires；〃 p。 11。 At Aix
one of his guards said to the sans…culotte who were breaking into the
room where he had been placed： 〃Citizens； by what order do you enter
here？ and why have you forced the guard at the door？〃 One of them。
answered： 〃By order of the people。 Don't you know that the people is
sovereign？〃
＇11＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 letter of the public prosecutor； May 23。 …
Letters of the administrators of the department； May 22； and 27 （on
the events of the 13th of May at Beausset）。
＇12＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7 3193 and 3194。 Previous details may be
found in these files。 This department is one of those in which the
seventh jacquerie is merely a prolongation of the sixth。 …Cf。 F7；
3193。 Letter of the royal Commissioner at Milhau； May 5； 1791。
〃The situation is getting worse； the administrative bodies continue
powerless and without resources。 Most of their members are still
unable to enter upon their duties； while the factions； who still rule；
multiply their excesses in every direction。 Another house in the
country； near the town； has been burnt； another broken into； with a
destruction of the furniture and a part of the dinner…service； and
doors and windows broken open and smashed； several houses visited；
under the pretense of arms or powder being concealed in them； all that
is found with private persons and dealers not of the factious party is
carried off； tumultuous shouts； nocturnal assemblages； plots for
pillage or burning； disturbances caused by the sale of grain； searches
under this pretext in private granaries； forced prices at current
reductions； forty louis taken from a lady retired into the country；
found in her trunk； which was broken into； and which； they say； should
have been in assignats。 The police and municipal officers witnesses of
these outrages； are sometimes forced to sanction them with their
presence； they neither dare suppress them nor punish the well…known
authors of them。 Such is a brief statement of the disorders committed
in less than eight days。〃 … In relation specially to Saint…Afrique。
Cf。 F7； 3194； the letter； among others； of the department
administrator； march 29； 1792。
＇13＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3193。 Extract from the registers of
the clerk of the juge…de…paix of Saint…Afrique； and report by the
department commissioners； Nov。 10； 1792； with the testimony of the
witnesses； forming a document of 115 pages。
＇14＇ Deposition of Alexis Bro； a volunteer； and three others。
＇15＇ Deposition of Pons； a merchant。 After this devastation he is
obliged to address a petition to the executive power； asking
permission to remain in the town。
＇16＇ Deposition of Capdenet； a shoemaker。
＇17＇ Depositions of Marguerite Galzeng； wife of Guibal a miller；
Pierre Canac and others。
＇18＇ Depositions of Martin； syndic…attorney of the commune of Brusque；
Aussel； curé of Versol； Martial Aussel； vicar of Lapeyre and others。
＇19＇ Deposition of Anne Tourtoulon。
＇20＇ Depositions of Jeanne Tuffon； of Marianne Terral； of Marguerite
Thomas； of Martin syndic…attorney of the commune of Brusque； of Virot；
of Brassier； and othes。 The details are too specific to allow
quotation。
＇21＇ Depositions ；of Moursol； wool…carder； Louis Grand； district…
administrator； and others。
＇22＇ For example； at Limoges； Aug。 16。 … Cf。 Louis Guibert； 〃le Parti
Girondin dans la Haute…Vienne；〃 p。 14。
＇23＇ Paris； 〃Histoire de Joseph Lebon；〃 I。 60。 Restoration of the
Arras municipality。 Joseph Lebon is proclaimed mayor Sept。 16。
＇24＇ For example； at Caen and at Carcassonne。
＇25＇ For example； at Toulon。
＇26＇ 〃Un séjour en France；〃 19； 29。 （〃Letters of a Wittness to the
French Revolution；〃 translated by H。 Taine。1872）
＇27＇ Ibid。； p。 38： 2M。 de M …； who had served for thirty years
gave up his arms to a boy who treated him with the greatest
insolence。〃
＇28＇ Paris； Ibid。； p。 55 and the following pages。 … Albert Babeau；
〃Histoire de Troyes；〃 I。 503…515。 … Sausay； III。 ch。 I。
＇29＇ 〃The Ancient Régime；〃 381； 391； 392。
＇30＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3217。 Letter of Castanet； an old
gendarme； Aug。 21 1792。
＇31＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3219。 Letter of M。 Alquier to the
first consul； Pluvi？se 18； year VIII。
＇32＇ Lauvergne； 〃Histoire du Var；〃 p。 104。
＇33＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； III。 325； 327。
＇34＇ 〃Archives…Nationales；〃 F7； 3271。 Letter of the Minister of
Justice； with official reports of the municipality of Rabastens。 〃The
juge…de…paix of Rabastens was insulted in his place by putting an end
to the proceedings commenced against an old deserter at the head of
the municipality； and tried for robbery。 They threatened to stab the
judge if he recommenced the trial。 Numerous gangs of vagabonds overrun
the country； pillaging and putting to ransom all owners of property。 。
。 The people has been led off by a municipal officer； a constitutional
curé； and a brother of sieur Tournal； one of the authors of the evils
which have desolated the Comtat。〃 （March 5； 1792）。
＇35＇ Guillon de Montléon； I。 84； 109； 139； 155； 158； 464。 Ibid。；
p。441； details concerning Chalier by his companion Chassagnon。
〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3255。 Letter by Laussel； Sept。 22； 1792。
＇36＇ Barbaroux； 〃Mémoires；〃 85。 Barbaroux is an eye…witness； for he
has just returned to Marseilles and is about to preside over the
electoral assembly of the Bouches…du…Rh？ne。
＇37＇ C。 Rousset； 〃Les Volontaires；〃 p。 67。 In his report of June
27； 1792； Albert Dubayet estimates the number of volunteers at 84；000。
＇38＇ C。 Rousset； 〃Les Volontaires；〃 101。 Letter of Kellermann； Aug。23；
1792。 〃 Un séjour en France；〃 I。 347 and following pages。
〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3214。 Letter of an inhabitant of Nogent…le…
Rotrou （Eure）。 〃Out of 8；000 inhabitants one…half require assistance；
and two…thirds of these are in a sad state； having scarcely straw
enough to sleep on。（Dec。 3； 1792）。 In his report of June 27； 1792；
Albert Dubayet estimates the number of volunteers at 84；000。
＇39＇ C。 Rousset； 〃Les Volontaires；〃 106 （Letter of General Biron； Aug。
23； 1792）。… 226； Letter of Vezu； major； July 24； 1793。
＇40＇ C。 Rousset； 〃Les Volontaires；〃 144 （Letter of a district
administrator of Moulins to General Custines； Jan。 27； 1793）。 〃Un
séjour en France；〃 p。27： 〃I am sorry to see that most the volunteers
about to join the army are old men or very young boys。〃 C。 Rousset；
Ibid。； 74； 108； 226 （Letter of Biron； Nov。 7； 1792）； 105 （Letter of
the commander of Fort Louis； Aug。 7）； 127 （Letter of Captain Motmé）。
One…third of the 2d battalion of Haute…Sa？ne is composed of children
13 and 14 years old。
＇41＇ Moniteur； XIII。 742 （Sept。 21）。 Marshal Lückner and his aids…de…
camp just miss being killed by Parisian volunteers。 Archives
Nationales；〃 BB； 16703。 Letter by Labarrière aide…de…camp of General
Flers； Antwerp； March 19； 1793。 On the desertion en masse of
gendarmes from Dumouriez's army； who return to Paris。
＇42＇ Cf。 〃L'armée et la garde nationale；〃 by Baron Poisson； III。 475。
〃On hostilities being declared （April； 1792）； the contingent of
volunteers was fixed at 200；000 men。 This second attempt resulted in
nothing but confused and disorderly levies。 Owing to the spinelessness
of the volunteer troops it was impossible to continue the war in
Belgium； which allowed the enemy to cross the frontier。〃 Gouverneur
Morris； so well informed； had already written； under date of Dec。27；
1791： 〃The national guards； who have turned out as volunteers； are in
many instances that corrupted scum of overgrown population of which
large cities purge themselves； and which； without constitutions to
support the fatigues。。 。 of war； have every vice and every disease
which can render them the scourge of their friends and the laughing
stock of their foes。〃 Buchez et Roux； XXVI。 177。 Plan of the
administrators of Hérault； presented to the Convention April 27； 1793。
〃The composition of the enlistment should not be concealed。 Most of
those of which it is made up are not volunteers； they are not citizens
all classes of society； who； submitting to draft on the ballot； have
willingly made up their minds to go and defend the Republic。 The
larger part of the recruits are substitutes who； through the
attraction of a large sum； have concluded to leave their homes。〃
＇43＇ C。 Rousset； 47。 Letter of the directory of Somme； Feb。 26； 1792。
＇44＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F 7； 3270。 Deliberations of the council…
general of the commune of Roye； Oct。 8； 1792 （in relation to the
violence committed by two divisions of Parisian gendarmerie during
their passage； Oct。 7 and 8）。
＇45＇ Moore； I。 338 （Sept。 8； 1792）。 … （The Condés were