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the governor of Egypt； under Pharaoh king of Egypt； and now from
Petronius the prefect of Egypt； under Augustus the Roman emperor。
See almost the like case； Antiq。 B。 XX。 ch。 2。 sect。 6。 It is
also well worth our observation here； that these two years were a
Sabbatic year； and a year of jubilee； for which Providence；
during the theocracy； used to provide a triple crop beforehand；
but became now； when the Jews had forfeited that blessing； the
greatest years of famine to them ever since the days of Ahab； 1
Kings 17。； 18。
（16） This Aelius Gallus seems to be no other than that Aelius
Lagus whom Dio speaks of as conducting an expedition that was
about this time made into Arabia Felix； according to Betarius；
who is here cited by Spanheim。 See a full account of this
expedition in Prideaux； at the years 23 and 24。
（17） One may here take notice； that how tyrannical and
extravagant soever Herod were in himself； and in his Grecian
cities； as to those plays； and shows； and temples for idolatry；
mentioned above； ch。 8。 sect。 1； and here also； yet durst even he
introduce very few of them into the cities of the Jews； who； as
Josephus here notes； would not even then have borne them； so
zealous were they still for many of the laws of Moses； even under
so tyrannical a government as this was of Herod the Great； which
tyrannical government puts me naturally in mind of Dean
Prideaux's honest reflection upon the like ambition after such
tyrannical power in Pompey and Caesar： 〃One of these （says he； at
the year 60） could not bear an equal； nor the other a superior；
and through this ambitions humor and thirst after more power in
these two men； the whole Roman empire being divided into two
opposite factions； there was produced hereby the most destructive
war that ever afflicted it； and the like folly too much reigns in
all other places。 Could about thirty men be persuaded to live at
home in peace； without enterprising upon the rights of each
other； for the vain glory of conquest； and the enlargement of
power； the whole world might be at quiet； but their ambition；
their follies； and their humor； leading them constantly to
encroach upon and quarrel with each other； they involve all that
are under them in the mischiefs thereof； and many thousands are
they which yearly perish by it； so that it may almost raise a
doubt； whether the benefit which the world receives from
government be sufficient to make amends for the calamities which
it suffers from the follies； mistakes； and real…administrations
of those that manage it。〃
（18） Cesarea being here said to be rebuilt and adorned in twelve
years； and soon afterwards in ten years； Antiq。 B。 XVI。 ch。 5。
sect。 1； there must be a mistake in one of the places as to the
true number； but in which of them it is hard positively to
determine。
（19） This Pollio； with whom Herod's sons lived at Rome； was not
Pollio the Pharisee； already mentioned by Josephus； ch。 1。 sect。
1； and again presently after this； ch。 10。 sect。 4； but Asinine
Pollo； the Roman； as Spanheim here observes。
（20） The character of this Zenodorus is so like that of a famous
robber of the same name in Strabo； and that about this very
country； and about this very time also； that I think Dr。 Hudson
hardly needed to have put a overlaps to his determination that
they were the same。
（21） A tetrarchy properly and originally denoted the fourth part
of an entire kingdom or country； and a tetrarch one that was
ruler of such a fourth part； which always implies somewhat less
extent of dominion and power than belong to a kingdom and to a
king。
（22） We may here observe； that the fancy of the modern Jews； in
calling this temple； which was really the third of their temples；
the second temple； followed so long by later Christians； seems to
be without any solid foundation。 The reason why the Christians
here followed the Jews is； because of the prophecy of Haggai；
2：6…9； which they expound of the Messiah's coning to the second
or Zorobabel's temple； of which they suppose this of Herod to be
only a continuation； which is meant； I think； of his coming to
the fourth and last temple； of that future； largest； and most
glorious one； described by Ezekiel； whence I take the former
notion； how general soever； to be a great mistake。 See Lit。
Accorap。 of Proph。 p。 2。
（23） Some of our modem students in architecture have made a
strange blunder here； when they imagine that Josephus affirms the
entire foundations of the temple or holy house sunk down into the
rocky mountain on which it stood no less than twenty cubits；
whereas he is clear that they were the foundations of the
additional twenty cubits only above the hundred （made perhaps
weak on purpose； and only for show and grandeur） that sunk or
fell down； as Dr。 Hudson rightly understands him； nor is the
thing itself possible in the other sense。 Agrippa's preparation
for building the inner parts of the temple twenty cubits higher
（History of the War； B。 V。 ch。 1。 sect。 5） must in all
probability refer to this matter； since Josephus says here； that
this which had fallen down was designed to be raised up again
under Nero； under whom Agrippa made that preparation。 But what
Josephus says presently； that Solomon was the first king of the
Jews； appears by the parallel place； Antiq。 B。 XX。 ch。 9。 sect。
7； and other places； to be meant only the first of David's
posterity； and the first builder of the temple。
（24） 〃Into none Of these three did king Herod enter；〃 i。e。 1。 Not
into the court of the priests； 2。 Nor into the holy house itself；
3。 Nor into the separate place belonging to the altar； as the
words following imply； for none but priests； or their attendants
the Levites； might come into any of them。 See Antiq。 B。 XVI。 ch。
4。 sect。 6； when Herod goes into the temple； and makes a speech
in it to the people； but that could only be into the court of
Israel； whither the people could come to hear him。
（25） This tradition which Josephus here mentions； as delivered
down from fathers to their children； of this particular
remarkable circumstance relating to the building of Herod's
temple； is a demonstration that such its building was a known
thing in Judea at this time。 He was born about forty…six years
after it is related to have been finished； and might himself have
seen and spoken with some of the builders themselves； and with a
great number of those that had seen it building。 The doubt
therefore about the truth of this history of the pulling down and
rebuilding this temple by Herod； which some weak people have
indulged； was not then much greater than it soon may be； whether
or not our St。 Paul's church in London was burnt down in the fire
of London； A。D。 1666； and rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren a
little afterward。
BOOK 16 FOOTNOTES
（1） We may here observe the ancient practice of the Jews； of
dedicating the sabbath day； not to idleness； but to the learning
their sacred rites and religious customs； and to the meditation
on the law of Moses； the like to which we meet with elsewhere in
Josephus also against Apion； B。 I。 sect。 22。
（2） This interval of ten years for the duration of Marcus
Agrippa's government in Asia seems to be true； and agreeable to
the Roman history。 See Usher's Annals at A。M。 3392。
（3） Although Herod met Augustus at Aquilei； yet was this
accusation of his sons deferred till they came to Rome； as sect。
3 assures us； and as we are particularly informed in the History
of the War； B。 I。 ch。 23。 sect。 3； though what he here says
belonged distinctly to Alexander； the elder brother； I mean his
being brought to Rome； is here justly extended to both the
brothers； and that not only in our copies； but in that of Zonaras
also； nor is there reason to doubt but they were both at this
solemn hearing by Augustus； although the defense was made by
Alexander alone； who was the eldest brother； and one that could
speak very well。
（4） Since some prejudiced men have indulged a wild suspicion； as
we have supposed already； Antiq。 B。 XV。 ch。 11。 sect。 7； that
Josephus's history of Herod's rebuilding the temple is no better
than a fable； it may not be amiss to take notice of this
occasional clause in the speech of Alexander before his father
Herod； in his and his brother's vindication； which mentions the
temple as known by every body to have been built by Herod。
（5） See John 2：20。 See also another speech of Herod's own to the
young men that pulled down his golden eagle from the front of the
temple； where he takes notice how the building of the temple cost
him a vast sum； and that the Asamoneans； in those one hundred and
twenty…five years they held the government； were not able to
perform so great a work； to the honor of God； as this was； Antiq。
B。 XVII。 ch。 6。 sect。 3。
（6） Dr。 Hudson here gives us the words of Suetonius concerning
this Nicopolis； when Augustus rebuilt it： 〃And that the memory of
the victory at Actium might be celebrated the more afterward； he
built Nicopolis at Actium； and appointed public shows to be there
exhibited every fifth year。〃 In August； sect。 18。
（7） Augustus here calls Julius Caesar his father； though by birth
he was only his uncle； on account of his adop