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vania。 Winters in the tropics。 Mirations In Southern States： April。 October。 Irregular migrant north of the Carolinas。
Thirty years ago； it is recorded that so far north as New Jersey the summer redbird was quite as common as any of the thrushes。 In the South still there is scarcely an orchard that does not contain this tropical…looking beauty the redbird par excellence； the sweetest singer of the family。 Is there a more beautiful sight in all nature than a grove of orange trees laden with fruit； starred with their delicious blossoms； and with flocks of redbirds disporting themselves among the dark； glossy leaves？ Pine and oak woods are also favorite resorts； especially at the north； where the bird nowadays forsakes the orchards to hide his beauty； if he can； unharmed by the rifle that only rarely is offered so shining a mark。 He shows the scarlet tanager's preference for tree…tops； where his musical voice； calling 〃Chicky…tucky…tuk；〃 alone betrays his presence in the woods。 The Southern farmers declare that he is an infallible weather prophet； his 〃wet； WET； WET；〃 being the certain indication of rain another absurd saw； for the call…note is by no means confined to the rainy season。
The yellowish…olive mate； whose quiet colors betray no nest secrets； collects twigs and grasses for the cradle to be saddled on the end of some horizontal branch； though in this work the male sometimes cautiously takes an insignificant part。 After her three or four eggs are laid she sits upon them for nearly two weeks； being only rarely and stealthily visited by her mate with some choice grub； blossom； or berry in his beak。 But how cheerfully his fife…like whistle rings out during the temporary exile！ Then his song is at its best。 Later in the summer he has an aggravating way of joining in the chorus of other birds' songs； by which the pleasant individuality of his own voice is lost。
A nest of these tanagers； observed not far from New York City； was commenced the last week of May on the extreme edge of a hickory limb in an open wood； four eggs were laid on the fourth of June； and twelve days later the tiny fledglings； that all look like their mother in the early stages of their existence； burst from the greenish…white； speckled shells。 In less than a month the young birds were able to fly quite well and collect their food。
SCARLET TANAGER （Piranga erythromelas） Tanager family
Called also： BLACK…WINGED REDBIRD； FIREBIRD； CANADA TANAGER； POCKET…BIRD
Length 7 to 7。5 inches。 About one…fourth smaller than the robin。 Male In spring plumage： Brilliant scarlet； with black wings And tail。 Under wing coverts grayish white。 In autumn： Similar To female。 Female Olive…green above； wings and tail dark； lightly Margined with olive。 Underneath greenish yellow。 Range North America to northern Canada boundaries； and southwardin winter to South America。 Migrations May。 October。 Summer resident
The gorgeous coloring of the scarlet tanager has been its snare and destruction。 The densest evergreens could not altogether hide this blazing target for the sportsman's gun； too often fired at the instigation of city milliners。 〃Fine feathers make fine birds〃 and cruel； silly women； the adage might be adapted for latter…day use。 This rarely beautiful tanager； thanks to them； is now only an infrequent flash of beauty in our country roads。
Instinct leads it to be chary of its charms； and whereas it used to be one of the commonest of bird neighbors； it is now shy and solitary。 An ideal resort for it is a grove of oak or swamp maple near a stream or pond where it can bathe。 Evergreen trees； too； are favorites； possibly because the bird knows how exquisitely its bright scarlet coat is set off by their dark background。
High in the tree…tops he perches； all unsuspected by the visitor passing through the woods below； until a burst of rich； sweet melody directs the opera…glasses suddenly upward。 There we detect him carolling loud and cheerfully； like a robin。 He is an apparition of beauty a veritable bird of paradise； as； indeed； he is sometimes called。 Because of their similar coloring； the tanager and cardinal are sometimes confounded； but an instant's comparison of the two birds shows nothing in common except red feathers； and even those of quite different shades。 The inconspicuous olive…green and yellow of the female tanager's plumage is another striking instance of Nature's unequal distribution of gifts； but if our bright…colored birds have become shockingly few under existing conditions； would any at all remain were the females prominent； like the males； as they brood upon the nest？ Both tanagers construct a rather disorderly…looking nest of fibres and sticks； through which daylight can be seen where it rests securely upon the horizontal branch of some oak or pine tree； but as soon as three or four bluish…green eggs have been laid in the cradle； off goes the father； wearing his tell…tale coat； to a distant tree。 There he sings his sweetest carol to the patient； brooding mate； returning to her side only long enough to feed her with the insects and berries that form their food。
Happily for the young birds' fate； they are clothed at first in motley； dull colors； with here and there only a bright touch of scarlet； yellow； and olive to prove their claim to the parent whose gorgeous plumage must be their admiration。 But after the moulting season it would be a wise tanager that knew its own father。 His scarlet feathers are now replaced by an autumn coat of olive and yellow not unlike his mate's。
PINE GROSBEAK （Pinicola enucleator） Finch family
Called also： PINE BULLFINCH
Length Variously recorded from 6。5 to 11 inches。 Specimen measured 8。5 inches。 About one…fifth smaller than the robin。 Male General color strawberry…red； with some slate…gray fleckings about head； under wings； and on legs。 Tail brown； wings brown； marked with black and white and slate。 A band… shaped series of markings between the shoulders。 Underneath paler red； merging into grayish green。 Heavy； conspicuous bill。 Female Ash…brown。 Head and hind neck yellowish brown； each feather having central dusky streak。 Cheeks and throat yellowish。 Beneath ash…gray； tinged with brownish yellow under tail。 Range British American provinces and northern United States。 Migrations Irregular winter visitors； length of visits as uncertain as their coming。
As inseparable as bees from flowers； so are these beautiful winter visitors from the evergreen woods； where their red feathers； shining against the dark…green background of the trees； give them charming prominence； but they also feed freely upon the buds of various deciduous trees。
South of Canada we may not look for them except in the severest winter weather。 Even then their coming is not to be positively depended upon； but when their caprice or was it an unusually fierce northern blast？ sends them over the Canada border； it is a simple matter to identify them when such brilliant birds are rare。 The brownish…yellow and grayish females and young males； however； always seem to be in the majority with us； though our Canadian friends assure us of the irreproachable morals of this gay bird。
Wherever there are clusters of pine or cedar trees； when there is a flock of pine grosbeaks in the neighborhood； you may expect to find a pair of birds diligently feeding upon the seeds and berries。 No cheerful note escapes them as they persistently gormandize； and； if the truth must be confessed； they appear to be rather stupid and uninteresting； albeit they visit us at a time when we are most inclined to rapture over our bird visitors。 They are said to have a deliciously sweet song in the nesting season。 When； however； few except the Canadian voyageurs hear it。
AMERICAN CROSSBILL （Loxia curvirostra minor） Finch family
Called also： RED CROSSBILL ＇AOU 1998＇
Length 6 to 7 inches。 About the size of the English sparrow。 Male General color Indian red； passing into brownish gray； with red tinge beneath。 Wings （without bands）； also tail； brown； Beak crossed at the tip。 Female General color greenish yellow； with brownish tints。 Dull…yellowish tints on head； throat； breast； and underneath。 Wings and tail pale brown。 Beak crossed at tip。 Range Pennsylvania to northern British America。 West of Mississippi； range more southerly。 Migrations Irregular winter visitor。 November。 Sometimes resident until April。
It is a rash statement to say that a bird is rare simply because you have never seen it in your neighborhood； for while you are going out of the front door your rara avis may be eating the crumbs about your kitchen。 Even with our eyes and ears constantly alert for some fresh bird excitement； our phlegmatic neighbor over the way may be enjoying a visit from a whole flock of the very bird we have been looking and listening for in vain all the year。 The red crossbills are capricious little visitors； it is true； but by no means uncommon。
About the size of an English sparrow； of a brick or Indian red color； for the most part； the peculiarity of its parrot…like beak is its certain mark of identification。
Longfellow has rendered into verse the German legend of the crossbill； which tells that as