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his place and after this manner explained。 〃The two overseers for the time being shall seat themselves at the upper end of the middle alley； with a table before them； their faces being toward the congregation； and the constable for the time being shall set an urn before the table； into which he shall put so many balls as there be elders present； whereof there shall be one that is gilded； the rest being white； and when the constable has shaken the urn； sufficiently to mix the balls； the overseers shall call the elders to the urn； who from each side of the church shall come up the middle alley in two files； every man passing by the urn； and drawing out one ball； which； if it be silver； he shall cast into a bowl standing at the foot of the urn； and return by the outward alley on his side to his place。 But he who draws the golden ball is the proposer； and shall be seated between the overseers； where he shall begin in what order he pleases； and name such as； upon his oath already taken； he conceives fittest to be chosen； one by one； to the elders； and the party named shall withdraw while the congregation is balloting his name by the double box or boxes appointed and marked on the outward part； to show which side is affirmative and which negative； being carried by a boy or boys appointed by the overseers； to every one of the elders； who shall hold up a pellet made of linen rags between his finger and his thumb； and put it after such a manner into the box； as though no man can see into which side he puts it； yet any man may see that he puts in but one pellet or suffrage。 And the suffrage of the congregation being thus； given； shall be returned with the box or boxes to the overseers； who opening the same； shall pour the affirmative balls into a white bowl standing upon the table on the right hand； to be numbered by the first overseer； and the negative into a green bowl standing on the left hand； to be numbered by the second overseer； and the suffrages being numbered； he who has the major part in the affirmative is one of the deputies of the parish； and when so many deputies are chosen as amount to a full fifth part of the whole number of the elders； the ballot for that time shall cease。 The deputies being chosen are to be listed by the overseers in order as they were chosen； except only that such as are horse must be listed in the first place with the rest； proportionable to the number of the congregation； after this manner。
Anno Domini
THE LIST OF THE FIRST MOVER
A。A。 Equestrian Order； First Deputy B。B。 Second Deputy； C。C。 Third Deputy； D。D。 Fourth Deputy； E。E。 Fifty Deputy；
Of the parish of ______ in the hundred of _______ and the tribe of ______； which parish at the present election contains twenty elders； whereof one is of the horse or equestrian order。
〃The first and second in the list are overseers by consequence； the third is the constable； and the fourth and fifth are churchwardens； the persons so chosen are deputies of the parish for the space of one year from their election； and no longer； nor may they be elected two years together。 This list； being the primum mobile； or first mover of the commonwealth； is to be registered in a book diligently kept and preserved by the overseers； who are responsible in their places； for these and other duties to be hereafter mentioned； to the censors of the tribe； and the congregation is to observe the present order； as they will answer the contrary to the phylarch； or prerogative troop of the tribe； which； in case of failure in the whole or any part of it； have power to fine them or any of them at discretion； but under an appeal to the Parliament。〃 For proof of this order； first； in reason； it is with all politicians past dispute that paternal power is in the right of nature； and this is no other than the derivation of power from fathers of families as the natural root of a commonwealth。 And for experience； if it be otherwise in that of Holland； I know no other example of the like kind。 in Israel； the sovereign power came clearly from the natural root； the elders of the whole people； and Rome was born； Comitiis curiatis； in her parochial congregations； out of which Romulus first raised her Senate； then all the rest of the orders of that commonwealth； which rose so high： for the depth of a commonwealth is the just height of it…
〃She raises up her head unto the skies； Near as her root unto the centre lies。〃
And if the Commonwealth of Rome was born of thirty parishes； this of Oceana was born of 10；000。 But whereas mention in the birth of this is made of an equestrian order； it may startle such as know that the division of the people of Rome； at the institution of that commonwealth into orders； was the occasion of its ruin。 The distinction of the patrician as a hereditary order from the very institution； engrossing all the magistracies； was indeed the destruction of Rome； but to a knight or one of the equestrian order； says Horace；
〃Si quadringentis sex septem millia desunt； Plebs eris。〃
By which it should seem that this order was not otherwise hereditary than a man's estate； nor did it give any claim to magistracy； wherefore you shall never find that it disquieted the commonwealth； nor does the name denote any more in Oceana than the duty of such a man's estate to the public。 But the surveyors； both in this place and in others； forasmuch as they could not observe all the circumstances of this order； especially that of the time of election； did for the first as well as they could； and； the elections being made and registered； took each of them copies of those lists which were within their allotments； which done they produced The sixth order； directing 〃in case a parson or vicar of a parish comes to be removed by death or by the censors； that the congregation of the parish assemble and depute one or two elders by the ballot； who upon the charge of the parish shall repair to one of the universities of this nation with a certificate signed by the overseers； and addressed to the vice…chancellor； which certificate； giving notice of the death or removal of the parson or vicar； of the value of the parsonage or vicarage； and of the desire of the congregation to receive a probationer from that university； the vice…chancellor； upon the receipt thereof； shall call a convocation； and having made choice of a fit person； shall return him in due time to the parish； where the person so returned shall return the full fruits of the benefice or vicarage； and do the duty of the parson or vicar； for the space of one year； as probationer； and that being expired； the congregation of the elders shall put their probationer to the ballot； and if he attains not to two parts in three of the suffrage affirmative； he shall take his leave of the parish； and they shall send in like manner as before for another probationer； but if their probationer obtains two parts in three of the suffrage affirmative； he is then pastor of that parish。 And the pastor of the parish shall pray with the congregation； preach the Word； and administer the sacraments to the same； according to the directory to be hereafter appointed by the Parliament。 Nevertheless such as are of gathered congregations； or from time to time shall join with any of them； are in no wise obliged to this way of electing their teachers； or to give their votes in this case； but wholly left to the liberty of their own consciences； and to that way of worship which they shall choose； being not popish； Jewish； or idolatrous。 And to the end they may be the better protected by the State in the exercise of the same； they are desired to make choice； and such manner as they best like； of certain magistrates in every one of their congregations； which we could wish might be four in each of them； to be auditors in cases of differences or distaste； if any through variety of opinions； that may be grievous or injurious to them； shall fall out。 And such auditors or magistrates shall have power to examine the matter； and inform themselves； to the end that if they think it of sufficient weight； they may acquaint the phylarch with it； or introduce it into the Council of Religion； where all such causes as those magistrates introduce shall from time to time be heard and determined according to such laws as are or shall hereafter be provided by the Parliament for the just defence of the liberty of conscience。〃 This order consists of three parts； the first restoring the power of ordination to the people； which； that it originally belongs to them； is clear； though not in English yet in Scripture； where the apostles ordained elders by the holding up of hands in every congregation； that is； by the suffrage of the people； which was also given in some of those cities by the ballot。 And though it may be shown that the apostles ordained some by the laying on of hands； it will not be shown that they did so in every congregation。 Excommunication； as not clearly provable out of the Scripture； being omitted； the second part of the order implies and establishes a national religion； for there be degrees of knowledge in divine things； true religion is not to be learned without searching the Scripture； the Scriptures cannot be searched by us unles