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pider which perceives a fly to be caught in its web。 〃Is it well to proclaim this to the world； and to set folk talking about it？〃 they will cry。 〃What you have described touches US； is OUR affair。 Is conduct of that kind right？ What will foreigners say？ Does any one care calmly to sit by and hear himself traduced？ Why should you lead foreigners to suppose that all is not well with us； and that we are not patriotic？〃 Well； to these sage remarks no answer can really be returned； especially to such of the above as refer to foreign opinion。 But see here。 There once lived in a remote corner of Russia two natives of the region indicated。 One of those natives was a good man named Kifa Mokievitch； and a man of kindly disposition； a man who went through life in a dressing…gown； and paid no heed to his household； for the reason that his whole being was centred upon the province of speculation； and that； in particular； he was preoccupied with a philosophical problem usually stated by him thus： 〃A beast；〃 he would say； 〃is born naked。 Now； why should that be？ Why should not a beast be born as a bird is bornthat is to say； through the process of being hatched from an egg？ Nature is beyond the understanding； however much one may probe her。〃 This was the substance of Kifa Mokievitch's reflections。 But herein is not the chief point。 The other of the pair was a fellow named Mofi Kifovitch； and son to the first named。 He was what we Russians call a 〃hero；〃 and while his father was pondering the parturition of beasts； his； the son's； lusty； twenty…year…old temperament was violently struggling for development。 Yet that son could tackle nothing without some accident occurring。 At one moment would he crack some one's fingers in half； and at another would he raise a bump on somebody's nose； so that both at home and abroad every one and everythingfrom the serving…maid to the yard…dogfled on his approach； and even the bed in his bedroom became shattered to splinters。 Such was Mofi Kifovitch； and with it all he had a kindly soul。 But herein is not the chief point。 〃Good sir； good Kifa Mokievitch；〃 servants and neighbours would come and say to the father； 〃what are you going to do about your Moki Kifovitch？ We get no rest from him； he is so above himself。〃 〃That is only his play； that is only his play；〃 the father would reply。 〃What else can you expect？ It is too late now to start a quarrel with him； and； moreover； every one would accuse me of harshness。 True； he is a little conceited； but； were I to reprove him in public； the whole thing would become common talk； and folk would begin giving him a dog's name。 And if they did that； would not their opinion touch me also； seeing that I am his father？ Also； I am busy with philosophy； and have no time for such things。 Lastly； Moki Kifovitch is my son； and very dear to my heart。〃 And； beating his breast； Kifa Mokievitch again asserted that； even though his son should elect to continue his pranks； it would not be for HIM； for the father； to proclaim the fact； or to fall out with his offspring。 And； this expression of paternal feeling uttered； Kifa Mokievitch left Moki Kifovitch to his heroic exploits； and himself returned to his beloved subject of speculation； which now included also the problem； 〃Suppose elephants were to take to being hatched from eggs； would not the shell of such eggs be of a thickness proof against cannonballs； and necessitate the invention of some new type of firearm？〃 Thus at the end of this little story we have these two denizens of a peaceful corner of Russia looking thence； as from a window； in less terror of doing what was scandalous than of having it SAID of them that they were acting scandalously。 Yes； the feeling animating our so…called 〃patriots〃 is not true patriotism at all。 Something else lies beneath it。 Who； if not an author； is to speak aloud the truth？ Men like you； my pseudo…patriots； stand in dread of the eye which is able to discern； yet shrink from using your own； and prefer； rather； to glance at everything unheedingly。 Yes； after laughing heartily over Chichikov's misadventures； and perhaps even commending the author for his dexterity of observation and pretty turn of wit； you will look at yourselves with redoubled pride and a self…satisfied smile； and add： 〃Well； we agree that in certain parts of the provinces there exists strange and ridiculous individuals； as well as unconscionable rascals。〃
Yet which of you； when quiet； and alone； and engaged in solitary self…communion； would not do well to probe YOUR OWN souls； and to put to YOURSELVES the solemn question； 〃Is there not in ME an element of Chichikov？〃 For how should there not be？ Which of you is not liable at any moment to be passed in the street by an acquaintance who； nudging his neighbour； may say of you； with a barely suppressed sneer： 〃Look！ there goes Chichikov！ That is Chichikov who has just gone by！〃
But here are we talking at the top of our voices whilst all the time our hero lies slumbering in his britchka！ Indeed； his name has been repeated so often during the recital of his life's history that he must almost have heard us！ And at any time he is an irritable； irascible fellow when spoken of with disrespect。 True； to the reader Chichikov's displeasure cannot matter a jot； but for the author it would mean ruin to quarrel with his hero； seeing that； arm in arm； Chichikov and he have yet far to go。
〃Tut； tut； tut！〃 came in a shout from Chichikov。 〃Hi； Selifan！〃
〃What is it？〃 came the reply； uttered with a drawl。
〃What is it？ Why； how dare you drive like that？ Come！ Bestir yourself a little！〃
And indeed； Selifan had long been sitting with half…closed eyes； and hands which bestowed no encouragement upon his somnolent steeds save an occasional flicking of the reins against their flanks； whilst Petrushka had lost his cap； and was leaning backwards until his head had come to rest against Chichikov's kneesa position which necessitated his being awakened with a cuff。 Selifan also roused himself； and apportioned to the skewbald a few cuts across the back of a kind which at least had the effect of inciting that animal to trot； and when； presently； the other two horses followed their companion's example； the light britchka moved forwards like a piece of thistledown。 Selifan flourished his whip and shouted； 〃Hi； hi！〃 as the inequalities of the road jerked him vertically on his seat； and meanwhile； reclining against the leather cushions of the vehicle's interior； Chichikov smiled with gratification at the sensation of driving fast。 For what Russian does not love to drive fast？ Which of us does not at times yearn to give his horses their head； and to let them go； and to cry； 〃To the devil with the world！〃？ At such moments a great force seems to uplift one as on wings； and one flies； and everything else flies； but contrariwiseboth the verst stones； and traders riding on the shafts of their waggons； and the forest with dark lines of spruce and fir amid which may be heard the axe of the woodcutter and the croaking of the raven。 Yes； out of a dim； remote distance the road comes towards one； and while nothing save the sky and the light clouds through which the moon is cleaving her way seem halted； the brief glimpses wherein one can discern nothing clearly have in them a pervading touch of mystery。 Ah； troika； troika； swift as a bird； who was it first invented you？ Only among a hardy race of folk can you have come to birthonly in a land which； though poor and rough； lies spread over half the world； and spans versts the counting whereof would leave one with aching eyes。 Nor are you a modishly…fashioned vehicle of the roada thing of clamps and iron。 Rather； you are a vehicle but shapen and fitted with the axe or chisel of some handy peasant of Yaroslav。 Nor are you driven by a coachman clothed in German livery； but by a man bearded and mittened。 See him as he mounts； and flourishes his whip； and breaks into a long…drawn song！ Away like the wind go the horses； and the wheels； with their spokes； become transparent circles； and the road seems to quiver beneath them； and a pedestrian； with a cry of astonishment； halts to watch the vehicle as it flies； flies； flies on its way until it becomes lost on the ultimate horizona speck amid a cloud of dust！
And you； Russia of mineare not you also speeding like a troika which nought can overtake？ Is not the road smoking beneath your wheels； and the bridges thundering as you cross them； and everything being left in the rear； and the spectators； struck with the portent； halting to wonder whether you be not a thunderbolt launched from heaven？ What does that awe…inspiring progress of yours foretell？ What is the unknown force which lies within your mysterious steeds？ Surely the winds themselves must abide in their manes； and every vein in their bodies be an ear stretched to catch the celestial message which bids them； with iron…girded breasts； and hooves which barely touch the earth as they gallop； fly forward on a mission of God？ Whither； then； are you speeding； O Russia of mine？ Whither？ Answer me！ But no answer comesonly the weird sound of your collar…bells。 Rent into a thousand shreds； the air roars past you； for you are overtaking the whole world； and shall one day force all natio