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g females； in turn； would begin to breed before they reached the age of two months。 There must be some casualties； of course； and he had no way of determining just how many of the rats would live to maturity But； c：ertainly the increase must be prodigious under the circumstances。 His mathematics broke down。
But even if the rats should only be increasing at the rate of doubling their numbers every month； an estimate which seemed ridiculously conservative； there should by this time be already somewhere in the neighborhood of fifty million。 If they were increasing threefold each month； an estimate which still seemed conservative； there would now be in the area approximately one billion rats。
As he considered the problem； he saw no reason at all why。 the rats； with unlimited food； might not possibly quadruple their numbers every month。 In the Old Times man had been the only important natural enemy of the city rats； and even man had had to maintain constant war against them to keep their numbers under control。 With man gone； their only enemies would have been the small number of dogs whose instinct led them to catch rats； and somewhat larger number of cats。 But here a secondary result must have influenced the situation in favor of the rats。 As he had noticed； the rat…catching dogs seemed to hold the ground alone without the help of any cats。 Probably the dogs had killed the cats as much as they had the rats； and so had eliminated the chief control。 And in the end； the dogs themselves had probably been overwhelmed in the mere increase of numbers。 Now he no longer saw any dogs。 It seemed unlikely that they had actually been killed by the rats； although the rats may very well have cleaned out many litters of puppies。 Probably； the dogs had merely retreated before the swarms of rats； and were still hanging around on the outskirts； now having been driven from the city into the suburbs。
Whether there were a billion rats or only fifty million made very little difference。 There certainly were too many rats； and Ish and Em felt themselves in a state of siege。 They watched all the doors carefully。 Nevertheless； one rat appeared in the kitchen from some unknown quarter； and they had a mad scurry as Ish pursued it with a broom。 Cornered； it leaped viciously at the broom…handle； and left teeth marks in the hard wood before he was able to crush it against the floor。
After a few days； moreover； they began to see a kind of difference； both in the appearance and in the behavior of the rats。 Apparently； the supplies of food； vast though they were； had at last begun to yield before the attack of an ever…pyramiding number of rats。 The rats now appeared thinner； and they ran around even more feverishly in search of food。 They began to burrow in the ground。 They dug up the tulip bulbs； first of all； seeming particularly fond of them。 Then they attacked the less palatable bulbs and roots。 They ran along the branches of the trees； apparently eating any insects they could find or any remains of seeds or fruit。 They even； at last； began to gnaw the bark of young trees； like rabbits。
Ish parked the car as close to the house as he could now； and made a dash for it； wearing high boots。 But actually the rats never made any attempt at an attack。 Ish kept Princess in the house mostly； although the rats had offered her no violence either。
Still driving about to investigate； Ish became more and more accustomed to the soft squash beneath his tires。 He began to feel as if he were plastering the streets with a continuous line of crushed rats。 In the angle of two walls； as he drove slowly by； a small white object caught his attention。 Stopping the car and looking carefully； he saw that it was the skull of some small dog。 The long teeth； still shining white； indicated that it had probably been a terrier。 Apparently； the rats had cornered the dog in the angle of the walls； or else； the dog ' fighting for its life； had retreated there。 Whether the rats had dared attack a strong and healthy dog； Ish could not know。 Perhaps it had suffered an accident or had been chewed up in a fight with another dog。 Perhaps it was old or sick。 But apparendy' for once； the swarm of rats had been too much even for the ratter。 Ish saw only a few of the larger bones； 4he rest had apparently either been gnawed to pieces or dragged away。 In the vicinity； he saw also the skulls of several rats； indicating that the terrier had gone down fighting。 He tried to imagine the scene。 The swarrning gray bodies clambering all over the struggling dog； the dog unable to attack those which hung to its back。 Others must have slashed at the hamstrings like wolves attacking an old bison…bull。 Though the dog might kill a dozen or fifty； in the end the mad； hunger…frenzied rodents must have gnawed through the skin and tendons until the dog collapsed。 Ish drove away from the spot feeling definitely sober； and deciding that they must keep an even more careful watch on Princess。
He remembered； hopefully； that the ants had vanished almost overnight； and he kept expecting that something like that also might happen to the rats。 But there was no indication of it。
〃Are the rats going to take over the world？〃 Em asked。 〃Now that men are gone； are the rats going to be next？〃
〃Of course I don't know for sure；〃 said Ish； 〃but I hardly think so。 They've got a head…start because they know how to use the food…supplies in the city and because they breed fast。 But once they get away from the city they'll have to forage on their own； and the foxes and snakes and owls are going to build up too because man is gone and because they'll have lots of rats to feed on。〃
〃I never thought of that！〃 she said。 〃You mean rats are kind of domestic animals because people supply them food and kill off their enemies。〃
〃More like parasites on man； I suppose really。〃 And then； just； to be saying something to keep her interest； he ran on： 〃And speaking of parasites； of course rats have them too。 Just like the ants！ When anything gets too numerous it's likely to get hit by some plague…I mean…〃 （Something had suddenly exploded in his mind at the word。） He coughed to cover up his hesitation； and then went on； without making a point of it。 〃Yes； some plague is likely to hit them。〃
Em； to his relief； did not seem to have noticed。
〃All we can do then；〃 she said； 〃I guess； is to sit around and cheer for the rat's parasites。〃
Ish did not tell her what had disturbed him。 It was the realization that not just plague in the general sense； but bubonic plague was a mon epidemic among rats。 It was spread； he knew； by fleas； and those infected fleas readily hopped from dead rats to living people。 The thought of being among the new people left in an area inhabited by millions of rats being killed off by bubonic plague was a horrible situation to contemplate。
He began to deluge the house with DDT and spray it upon his clothing and Em's。 Naturally then she became suspicious； and he had to tell her。
She was not disturbed。 Her natural courage rose superior to even the thought of plague； and perhaps there was a vein of fatalism in her too。 The simplest and safest thing would have been to hurry out of the city； and get to some place…the desert； perhaps…where few rats could live。
But each of them had already decided independently that life was not to be lived on the basis of fear。 Her courage indeed was stronger than his； and the horror of the rats pressed in more closely upon him。 Occasionally he even felt panic and was ready to force her into the car for flight。 But always in such times her courage seemed to flow out from her and sustain him。
As the days passed； he watched individual rats carefully to see if they seemed sickly。 On the contrary； they seemed more active than ever。
Then Em called to him one morning from the window。
〃Look； they're fighting！〃 He went to look； quickly； but without too much interest。 Probably； he thought； it was merely whatever kind of sex…play rats indulged in。 But it was not。
He saw a large rat definitely attacking a smaller one。 The small one fought back； and dodged desperately； and seemed just about to make its escape through a hole which might be too small for the larger one。 Then suddenly a third and still larger rat appeared； and sprang also upon the small one。 The little pool of blood spread out from the torn throat； and then the largest rat dragged the body away； the one who had made the original attack scurrying close after。
In high boots； well gloved； carrying a stout stick in his hand； Ish made an expedition to the nearest business…center and foraged for some more food。 Curiously； to him； he found very few rats in the stores； and when he investigated； he found that everything which a rat could get and eat had been pletely wiped out。 The stores were a great disgusting litter of torn papers； and chewed cartons and rat…droppings。 They had even chewed the labels on the cans and bottles； so that sometimes it was difficult even to tell what was contained in them。 Certainly； as yet； starvation and not disease was c losing in upon the hordes。 He took the news back to Em。
Next morning they let Princess out for her dail