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the master said； 〃good government obtains when those who are near are madehappy； and those who are far off are attracted。〃
tsze…hsia！ being governor of chu…fu； asked about government。 the master said；〃do not be desirous to have things done quickly； do not look at small advantages。desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done thoroughly。 lookingat small advantages prevents great affairs from being acplished。〃
the duke of sheh informed confucius； saying； 〃among us here there are thosewho may be styled upright in their conduct。 if their father have stolen a sheep；they will bear witness to the fact。〃
confucius said； 〃among us； in our part of the country； those who are uprightare different from this。 the father conceals the misconduct of the son； and theson conceals the misconduct of the father。 uprightness is to be found in this。〃
fan ch'ih asked about perfect virtue。 the master said； 〃it is； in retirement；to be sedately grave； in the management of business； to be reverently attentive；in intercourse with others； to be strictly sincere。 though a man go among rude；uncultivated tribes； these qualities may not be neglected。〃
tsze…kung asked； saying； 〃what qualities must a man possess to entitle himto be called an officer？ the master said； 〃he who in his conduct of himselfmaintains a sense of shame； and when sent to any quarter will not disgrace hisprince's mission； deserves to be called an officer。〃
tsze…kung pursued； 〃i venture to ask who may be placed in the next lowerrank？〃 and he was told； 〃he whom the circle of his relatives pronounce to befilial； whom his fellow villagers and neighbors pronounce to be fraternal。〃
again the disciple asked； 〃i venture to ask about the class still next inorder。〃 the master said； 〃they are determined to be sincere in what they say；and to carry out what they do。 they are obstinate little men。 yet perhaps theymay make the next class。〃
tsze…kung finally inquired； 〃of what sort are those of the present day； whoengage in government？〃 the master said 〃pooh！ they are so many pecks and hampers；not worth being taken into account。〃
the master said； 〃since i cannot get men pursuing the due medium； to whom imight municate my instructions； i must find the ardent and the cautiously…decided。 the ardent will advance and lay hold of truth； the cautiously…decidedwill keep themselves from what is wrong。〃
the master said； 〃the people of the south have a saying …'a man withoutconstancy cannot be either a wizard or a doctor。' good！
〃inconstant in his virtue； he will be visited with disgrace。〃
the master said； 〃this arises simply from not attending to theprognostication。〃
the master said； 〃the superior man is affable； but not adulatory； the meanman is adulatory； but not affable。〃
tsze…kung asked； saying； 〃what do you say of a man who is loved by all thepeople of his neighborhood？〃 the master replied； 〃we may not for that accord ourapproval of him。〃 〃and what do you say of him who is hated by all the people ofhis neighborhood？〃 the master said； 〃we may not for that conclude that he is bad。it is better than either of these cases that the good in the neighborhood lovehim； and the bad hate him。〃
the master said； 〃the superior man is easy to serve and difficult to please。if you try to please him in any way which is not accordant with right； he willnot be pleased。 but in his employment of men； he uses them according to theircapacity。 the mean man is difficult to serve； and easy to please。 if you try toplease him； though it be in a way which is not accordant with right； he may bepleased。 but in his employment of men； he wishes them to be equal toeverything。〃
the master said； 〃the superior man has a dignified ease without pride。 themean man has pride without a dignified ease。〃
the master said； 〃the firm； the enduring； the simple； and the modest arenear to virtue。〃
tsze…lu asked； saying； 〃what qualities must a man possess to entitle him tobe called a scholar？〃 the master said； 〃he must be thus；…earnest； urgent； andbland：…among his friends； earnest and urgent； among his brethren； bland。〃
the master said； 〃let a good man teach the people seven years； and they maythen likewise be employed in war。〃
the master said； 〃to lead an uninstructed people to war； is to throw themaway。〃
14
hsien asked what was shameful。 the master said； 〃when good governmentprevails in a state； to be thinking only of salary； and； when bad governmentprevails； to be thinking； in the same way； only of salary；…this is shameful。〃
〃when the love of superiority； boasting； resentments； and covetousness arerepressed； this may be deemed perfect virtue。〃
the master said； 〃this may be regarded as the achievement of what isdifficult。 but i do not know that it is to be deemed perfect virtue。〃
the master said； 〃the scholar who cherishes the love of fort is not fitto be deemed a scholar。〃
the master said； 〃when good government prevails in a state； language may belofty and bold； and actions the same。 when bad government prevails； the actionsmay be lofty and bold； but the language may be with some reserve。〃
the master said； 〃the virtuous will be sure to speak correctly； but thosewhose speech is good may not always be virtuous。 men of principle are sure to bebold； but those who are bold may not always be men of principle。〃
nan…kung kwo； submitting an inquiry to confucius； said； 〃i was skillful atarchery； and ao could move a boat along upon the land； but neither of them dieda natural death。 yu and chi personally wrought at the toils of husbandry； andthey became possessors of the kingdom。〃 the master made no reply； but when nan…kung kwo went out； he said； 〃a superior man indeed is this！ an esteemer ofvirtue indeed is this！〃
the master said； 〃superior men； and yet not always virtuous； there have been；alas！ but there never has been a mean man； and； at the same time； virtuous。〃
the master said； 〃can there be love which does not lead to strictness withits object？ can there be loyalty which does not lead to the instruction of itsobject？〃
the master said； 〃in preparing the governmental notifications； p'i shanfirst made the rough draft； shi…shu examined and discussed its contents； tsze…yu；the manager of foreign intercourse； then polished the style； and； finally； tsze…ch'an of tung…li gave it the proper elegance and finish。〃
some one asked about tsze…ch'an。 the master said； 〃he was a kind man。〃
he asked about tsze…hsi。 the master said； 〃that man！ that man！〃
he asked about kwan chung。 〃for him；〃 said the master； 〃the city of pien；with three hundred families； was taken from the chief of the po family； who didnot utter a murmuring word； though； to the end of his life； he had only coarserice to eat。〃
the master said； 〃to be poor without murmuring is difficult。 to be richwithout being proud is easy。〃
the master said； 〃mang kung…ch'o is more than fit to be chief officer in thefamilies of chao and wei； but he is not fit to be great officer to either of thestates tang or hsieh。〃
tsze…lu asked what constituted a plete man。 the master said； 〃suppose aman with the knowledge of tsang wu…chung； the freedom from covetousness of kung…ch'o； the bravery of chwang of pien； and the varied talents of zan ch'iu； add tothese the acplishments of the rules of propriety and music；…such a one mightbe reckoned a plete man。〃
he then added； 〃but what is the necessity for a plete man of the presentday to have all these things？ the man； who in the view of gain； thinks ofrighteousness； who in the view of danger is prepared to give up his life； andwho does not forget an old agreement however far back it extends：…such a man maybe reckoned a plete man。〃
the master asked kung…ming chia about kung…shu wan； saying； 〃is it true thatyour master speaks not； laughs not； and takes not？〃
kung…ming chia replied； 〃this has arisen from the reporters going beyond thetruth。…my master speaks when it is the time to speak； and so men do not gettired of his speaking。 he laughs when there is occasion to be joyful； and so mendo not get tired of his laughing。 he takes when it is consistent withrighteousness to do so； and so men do not get tired of his taking。〃 the mastersaid； 〃so！ but is it so with him？〃
the master said； 〃tsang wu…chung； keeping possession of fang； asked of theduke of lu to appoint a successor to him in his family。 although it may be saidthat he was not using force with his sovereign； i believe he was。〃
the master said； 〃the duke wan of tsin was crafty and not upright。 the dukehwan of ch'i was upright and not crafty。〃
tsze…lu said； 〃the duke hwan caused his brother chiu to be killed； when shaohu died； with his master； but kwan chung did not die。 may not i say that he waswanting in virtue？〃
the master said； 〃the duke hwan assembled all the princes together； and thatnot with weapons of war and chariots：…it was all through the influence of kwanchung。 whose beneficence was like his？ whose beneficence was like his？〃
tsze…kung said； 〃kwan chung； i apprehend was wanting in virtue。 when theduke hwan caused his brother chiu to be killed； kwan chung was not able to diewith him。 moreover； he became prime minist