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tsze…kung said； 〃suppose the case of a man extensively conferring benefitson the people； and able to assist all； what would you say of him？ might he becalled perfectly virtuous？〃 the master said； 〃why speak only of virtue inconnection with him？ must he not have the qualities of a sage？ even yao and shunwere still solicitous about this。
〃now the man of perfect virtue； wishing to be established himself； seeksalso to establish others； wishing to be enlarged himself； he seeks also toenlarge others。
〃to be able to judge of others by what is nigh in ourselves；…this may becalled the art of virtue。〃
7
the master said； 〃a transmitter and not a maker； believing in and lovingthe ancients； i venture to pare myself with our old p'ang。〃
the master said； 〃the silent treasuring up of knowledge； learning withoutsatiety； and instructing others without being wearied：…which one of these thingsbelongs to me？〃
the master said； 〃the leaving virtue without proper cultivation； the notthoroughly discussing what is learned； not being able to move towardsrighteousness of which a knowledge is gained； and not being able to change whatis not good：…these are the things which occasion me solicitude。〃
when the master was unoccupied with business； his manner was easy； and helooked pleased。
the master said； 〃extreme is my decay。 for a long time； i have not dreamed；as i was wont to do； that i saw the duke of chau。〃
the master said； 〃let the will be set on the path of duty。
〃let every attainment in what is good be firmly grasped。
〃let perfect virtue be accorded with。
〃let relaxation and enjoyment be found in the polite arts。〃
the master said； 〃from the man bringing his bundle of dried flesh for myteaching upwards； i have never refused instruction to any one。〃
the master said； 〃i do not open up the truth to one who is not eager to getknowledge； nor help out any one who is not anxious to explain himself。 when ihave presented one corner of a subject to any one； and he cannot from it learnthe other three； i do not repeat my lesson。〃
when the master was eating by the side of a mourner； he never ate to thefull。
he did not sing on the same day in which he had been weeping。
the master said to yen yuan； 〃when called to office； to undertake its duties；when not so called； to he retired；…it is only i and you who have attained tothis。〃
tsze…lu said； 〃if you had the conduct of the armies of a great state； whomwould you have to act with you？〃
the master said； 〃i would not have him to act with me； who will unarmedattack a tiger； or cross a river without a boat； dying without any regret。 myassociate must be the man who proceeds to action full of solicitude； who is fondof adjusting his plans； and then carries them into execution。〃
the master said； 〃if the search for riches is sure to be successful； thoughi should bee a groom with whip in hand to get them； i will do so。 as thesearch may not be successful； i will follow after that which i love。〃
the things in reference to which the master exercised the greatest cautionwere…fasting； war； and sickness。
when the master was in ch'i； he heard the shao； and for three months did notknow the taste of flesh。 〃i did not think'〃 he said； 〃that music could have beenmade so excellent as this。〃
yen yu said； 〃is our master for the ruler of wei？〃 tsze…kung said； 〃oh！ iwill ask him。〃
he went in accordingly； and said； 〃what sort of men were po…i and shu…ch'i？〃〃they were ancient worthies；〃 said the master。 〃did they have any repiningsbecause of their course？〃 the master again replied； 〃they sought to actvirtuously； and they did so； what was there for them to repine about？〃 on this；tsze…kung went out and said； 〃our master is not for him。〃
the master said； 〃with coarse rice to eat； with water to drink； and mybended arm for a pillow；…i have still joy in the midst of these things。 richesand honors acquired by unrighteousness； are to me as a floating cloud。〃
the master said； 〃if some years were added to my life； i would give fifty tothe study of the yi； and then i might e to be without great faults。〃
the master's frequent themes of discourse were…the odes； the history； andthe maintenance of the rules of propriety。 on all these he frequently discoursed。
the duke of sheh asked tsze…lu about confucius； and tsze…lu did not answerhim。
the master said； 〃why did you not say to him；…he is simply a man； who in hiseager pursuit of knowledge forgets his food； who in the joy of its attainmentforgets his sorrows； and who does not perceive that old age is ing on？〃
the master said； 〃i am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge；i am one who is fond of antiquity； and earnest in seeking it there。〃
the subjects on which the master did not talk； were…extraordinary things；feats of strength； disorder； and spiritual beings。
the master said； 〃when i walk along with two others； they may serve me as myteachers。 i will select their good qualities and follow them； their badqualities and avoid them。〃
the master said； 〃heaven produced the virtue that is in me。 hwan t'ui…whatcan he do to me？〃
the master said； 〃do you think； my disciples； that i have any concealments？i conceal nothing from you。 there is nothing which i do that is not shown to you；my disciples； that is my way。〃
there were four things which the master taught；…letters； ethics； devotion ofsoul； and truthfulness。
the master said； 〃a sage it is not mine to see； could i see a man of realtalent and virtue； that would satisfy me。〃
the master said； 〃a good man it is not mine to see； could i see a manpossessed of constancy； that would satisfy me。
〃having not and yet affecting to have； empty and yet affecting to be full；straitened and yet affecting to be at ease：…it is difficult with suchcharacteristics to have constancy。〃
the master angled；…but did not use a net。 he shot；…but not at birds perching。
the master said； 〃there may be those who act without knowing why。 i do notdo so。 hearing much and selecting what is good and following it； seeing much andkeeping it in memory： this is the second style of knowledge。〃
it was difficult to talk profitably and reputably with the people of hu…hsiang； and a lad of that place having had an interview with the master； thedisciples doubted。
the master said； 〃i admit people's approach to me without mitting myselfas to what they may do when they have retired。 why must one be so severe？ if aman purify himself to wait upon me； i receive him so purified； withoutguaranteeing his past conduct。〃
the master said； 〃is virtue a thing remote？ i wish to be virtuous； and lo！virtue is at hand。〃
the minister of crime of ch'an asked whether the duke chao knew propriety；and confucius said； 〃he knew propriety。〃
confucius having retired； the minister bowed to wu…ma ch'i to e forward；and said； 〃i have heard that the superior man is not a partisan。 may thesuperior man be a partisan also？ the prince married a daughter of the house ofwu； of the same surname with himself； and called her；…'the elder tsze of wu。' ifthe prince knew propriety； who does not know it？〃
wu…ma ch'i reported these remarks； and the master said； 〃i am fortunate！ ifi have any errors； people are sure to know them。〃
when the master was in pany with a person who was singing； if he sangwell； he would make him repeat the song； while he acpanied it with his ownvoice。
the master said； 〃in letters i am perhaps equal to other men； but thecharacter of the superior man； carrying out in his conduct what he professes； iswhat i have not yet attained to。〃
the master said； 〃the sage and the man of perfect virtue；…how dare i rankmyself with them？ it may simply be said of me； that i strive to bee suchwithout satiety； and teach others without weariness。〃 kung…hsi hwa said； 〃thisis just what we； the disciples； cannot imitate you in。〃
the master being very sick； tsze…lu asked leave to pray for him。 he said；〃may such a thing be done？〃 tsze…lu replied； 〃it may。 in the eulogies it is said；'prayer has been made for thee to the spirits of the upper and lower worlds。'〃the master said； 〃my praying has been for a long time。〃
the master said； 〃extravagance leads to insubordination； and parsimony tomeanness。 it is better to be mean than to be insubordinate。〃
the master said； 〃the superior man is satisfied and posed； the mean manis always full of distress。〃
the master was mild； and yet dignified； majestic； and yet not fierce；respectful； and yet easy。
8
the master said； 〃t'ai…po may be said to have reached the highest point ofvirtuous action。 thrice he declined the kingdom； and the people in ignorance ofhis motives could not express their approbation of his conduct。〃
the master said； 〃respectfulness； without the rules of propriety； beeslaborious bustle； carefulness； without the rules of propriety； bees timidity；boldness； without the rules of propriety； bees insubordination；straightforwardness； without the rules of propriety； bees rudeness。
〃when those who are in high stations perform well all their duties to theirrelations； the people are aroused to virtue。 when old friends are not neglectedby them； th