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2006-4-10李敖系列之32坐牢家爸爸给女儿的八十封信-第15章

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…Islamic architecture。 A Mogul ruler; Shah Jahan; erected the monument as a tomb for a beloved wife; Arjumand Banu; better know by her title of Mumtaz Mahal or Taj Mahan 1(Crown of the Palace)。 In 1631 she died after bearing fourteen children in eighteen years。 The construction of the tomb; begun the next year; employed some 20000 workmen for nearly twenty years。)
  印度女人头上多点小点,叫“吉祥点”,她们披“纱丽”(sari),二十英尺长三英尺宽,不用裁缝(当然裁缝恨这东西)。有的女人穷得只有一件纱丽,所以没法洗换。(Many Indian men have partly adopted European dress。 Indian women; however; remain loyal to the national costume; the sari; a garment which emphasizes their dignified and majestic bearing。 The simple yet extremely elegant line of the sari is reminiscent of the costume of ancient Greece; while its striking colors; and gold and silver embroidery; are a further example of the Indians' love of bright things。 The garment is a strip of cloth some twenty feet long and three feet wide。 It is draped round the body without any pin or button being used。 It is extremely simple in use and presents no dress…making problem。)
  印度女人喜欢装饰品,甚至装饰到鼻子上,这当然要很有钱的才办得到。印度穷人根本没家,睡马路上,有钱的最阔的有十亿美金!这是最不对的事。英国人统治印度一九○年,这种现象当然英国人要负责任。
  印度太穷,人太多(全世界中国人最多,其次是印度人)。
  印度的宪法,是全世界最长的。(The constitution of India is the longest in the world。)
  印度人吃饭用右手抓着吃,认为左手没右手干净。(他们这些怪毛病可真多!)(The various Hindu castes have different food laws。 Most castes eat only with the right hand because they consider the left hand unclean。 Some castes eat meat; and others eat fish but not meat。 Some eat neither meat nor fish; but so eat eggs。 Still others do not eat eggs。)
  印度象比非洲象小一点,长得也不太一样。
  就是中国的墨汁。就是中国的圣经纸。这两样东西明明是中国的却用上印度名字。
  印度的蛇很多,每年咬死三十万人。印度有玩蛇的或弄蛇的(snake…charmer),在蛇面前吹笛子,其实蛇听不见,只是看他动作再跟着动。(Indian Snake Charmer may fool his audience; but he does not charm the snake。 The cobra cannot hear the music of the flute。 It sways merely to follow the movements of the charmer。)
  印度人喜欢看猫鼬(mongoose)和眼镜蛇(cobra)大战,猫鼬的动作比蛇快,所以老是占上风。猫鼬鼬平时很温和,但看到蛇就凶得很。
  印度最有名的文学家叫泰戈尔(Tagore),他到中国来过,得过Nobel Prize(诺贝尔奖),中国的一位学者梁启超,给Tagore起了一个中国名字叫“竺震旦”。(竺是天竺,古代中国叫印度是“天竺”,震旦是“中国”的另一叫法。)(TAGORE was an Indian poet; philosopher; and supporter of freedom for India。 In his many poems and songs; he stirred pride among his Hindu countrymen。 He also had a strong influence on the West。 Tagore was influenced by European models in his writings。 He was a mystical and religious poet; and saw God in all beauties of nature。 He wrote prose and poetry in the Bengali Language。 These have been translated into many languages。 Tagore received the 1913 Nobel Prize in Iiterature。)
  你可请姥姥替你买一本竺震旦的书看。《失群的鸟》也有人翻译成《漂鸟集》或《飞鸟集》。
  爸 爸 一九七五年四月二十日
  你送来的书、卡片、画片都收到。
  
  萨摩亚与自挽诗
  亲爱的小文:
  南太平洋有十四个小岛叫萨摩亚(Samoa is a group of 14 islands in the South Pacific Ocean。),东边的一堆属于美国,叫American Samoa,西边的叫Western Samoa(西萨摩亚),是个小国家,只有台湾的十三分之一大,人口十八万,它出产的三种主要东西,念起来都有点口吃(结巴,stammer):
  一、bananas(香蕉)——nana
  二、cacao(可可)——caca
  三、coconuts(椰子)——coco
  一结结巴巴,就扯不清了,果然出了麻烦。
  可可(cacao)是做巧克力(chocolate)和可可粉的,但可可粉的英文是cocoa,这个字看起来好像是coconuts(椰子)做出来的,所以大家都叫做椰子粉,其实只是可可粉,不是椰子粉。(Because of a mistake in spelling; probably made by English importers many years ago; these beans became known as cocoa beans in English…speaking countries。 This causes many people to think the beans e from the coconut palm tree instead of the cacao tree。)
  Samoa这地方气温很怪,十二月最热,七月最冷(December is the hottest month and July the coldest。)。Samoa人喜欢打cricket(板球),但不喜欢打cricket(蟋蟀),板球和蟋蟀,在英文中同一个字。
  The crickets are chirping(or are crying)。(蟋蟀在叫。)
  They are playing a match at cricket。(他们在做板球比赛。)
  更喜欢在雨地里打。(Samoans love to stay out in a cooling rain。)(Samoans enjoy dancing very much。 They also love to play their own version of cricket; a game they learned from the English missionaries。 They play cricket with teams that may have from 10 to 300 players; pared to 11 players in normal cricket game。)
  男女多穿一种叫lava…lava的裙子,其实就是一块布,卷成裙子。(Most Samoan men and some women wear only a lava…lava; a piece of cloth wrapped around the waist like a skirt。 Some wear a blouse or shirt with their lava…lava。 Most of the women wear dresses; or a skirt and blouse。)
  在国会里开会也穿裙子。
  他们的囚犯白天不坐牢,白天照常做自己的事,晚上才到牢里报到。并且监狱也没有铁栏杆(Prisoners live in jail without bars。),房子比平常住的还像样,因为他们平常只住四面通风的fale(open…sided fale),是用椰子树做材料搭起来的。(The people live in open…sided fale(house)that have a thatched roof supported by poles。 They roll down palm leaf blinds when it rains。)
  中国古话说“画地为牢”(to draw a circle on the ground for a prison; as was done in the “good old days”)、说“夜不闭户”(There's no need to close doors at night。)……这些世界大同的标准,西萨摩亚人都做到了。
  西萨摩亚人并没有钱,他们每人每年只有七十五美金,就是每月六块美金(每天两毛钱),但他们不需要钱。
  《金银岛》(Treasure Island)的作者斯蒂文森(R。 L。 Stevenson)九十年前死在西萨摩亚。只活了四十四岁(他的太太比他大十一岁),死前他写了一首《安魂曲》(Requiem)。(Requiem…1。 A Mass for the repose of a departed soul or souls; 安魂祭(安去世灵魂的弥撒祭)。2。 A setting of the Mass for the dead; 安魂曲(即死者弥撒祭时所奏之曲)的一段乐谱。Also; a piece of like character for other words; 又指吊歌、挽歌。3。 Any grand musical service of hymn in honor of the dead; 对于死者表示敬意的严肃音乐演奏或壮丽的圣歌。)(中国的文学家陶渊明也写过《自祭文》。)爸爸把它翻译给你看:
  REQUIEM
  Under the wide and starry sky
  Dig the grave and let me lie。
  Glad did I live and gladly die;
  And I laid me down with a will。
  This be the verse you grave for me:
  Here he lies where he longed to be;
  Home is the sailor; home from sea;
  And the hunter home from the hill。
  自挽诗
  在星空之下,多么开朗,
  掘一个坟,我就一躺,
  我活得痛快,死得清爽,
  我一心横卧,什么也不想。
  请刻这首诗,在我坟场:
  他躺的地方,正他所向往,
  水手已回来,从那海上,
  猎人已回来,从那山岗。
  画片上小狗背后刻的诗,就是上面这首。
  《金银岛》是一本写海盗的小说,你一定要看一看。写得非常好。英文的学校图书馆一定有,中文的翻译有开明书店的《宝岛》和东方出版社的两种带注音的《金银岛》。
  你给爸爸的信、生日卡都收到,你的成绩单也收到,你的好成绩爸爸真高兴。文学家Henry James once praised Stevenson as “the only man in England who can write a decent English sentence。”(英国只有他能写出最好的英文句子)。爸爸盼你在班上也这样。
  爸爸 一九七五年四月二十六日
  
  素食种种
  亲爱的小文:
  英文里有四句诗:
  It's a very odd thing——
  As odd as can be——
  That whatever Miss T eats
  Turns into Miss T。(Walter de la Mare,“Miss T。”1913)
  (那真是顶怪顶怪的事,要怎么怪怎么怪,不论T小姐吃什么,结果都变成了T小姐。)
  为什么吗?因为Miss T肚子里来了一套nutrition,中文叫“营养”。最重要的“营养素”(nutrients)是:
  一、蛋白质(proteins)——蛋白质是增加和修补身体组织的材料,就好像房子的砖头一样。蛋白质不能存在身体里,所以要每天吃才行。
  缺乏蛋白质就要得“垮十奥克尔”病。kwashiorkor—an often fatal condition of infants and young children caused by a protein deficiency in the diet。 It occurs among poorer peoples of the world and cause stunted physical and mental growth; loss of hair pigment; swelling of tissues; etc。 非洲的小黑人很穷,吃的东西只是热量足,蛋白质不足,所以常得这种病。不但人,动物缺乏了蛋白质也不行,小老鼠缺乏蛋白质就长不大,走起路来也懒洋洋的。
  食物中的蛋白质多没用,还得有“生理价”(Biological Value)才行,生理价就是包含“胺基酸”(amino acids)的多少,花生(peanuts)虽然蛋白质比蛋(eggs)多,但生理价却少,所以蛋的蛋白质最多,因为蛋白质的生理价最多。
  动物性的蛋白质比植物性的蛋白质生理价多,所以吃肉少的或吃素的块头就小。
  “素食主义”(vegetarianism)是很人道的,但缺乏蛋白质,是一个大问题。
  很多名人是吃素的,这种人叫vegetarian,十八世纪法国大哲学家、思想家卢梭(Rousseau)是吃素的、十九到二十世纪的俄国文学家托尔斯泰(Leo Tolstoy)是吃素的、十九到二十世纪的英国文学家萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)是吃素的、爸爸一再跟你提到过的印度甘地(Gandhi)也是吃素的。吃素的人比较长寿,     Shaw活了九十四、Tolstoy活了八十二、Gandhi活了七十八(被刺的)、Rousseau活了六十六(传说被害),由此可见,蛋白质光吃植物性的好像也够了。
  二、醣类(carbohydrates)——醣类给人energy,人走路、写字、打架、飞眼、大便……都需要能源,醣类就是电灯的电、汽车的汽油,醣类以糖最多,下面这个表,你可清楚地知道食物中糖占
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