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雄所著《大乘起信論?研究》(1981年枺看呵
社印行)柏木此書,集《起信論》資料考證以及課
睿芯恐蟪桑瑫﹣K附〈起信論關係文獻目錄〉
,足供參考。此書可以代表戰後日本佛教學者承繼
老一代的研究成果,進一步在資料論研究方面表現
出來的學術新貢獻。
(裕А 2) 據我所知,除鈴木以及Timoth Richard牧師、比丘
Wai Tao 、已故哥倫比亞大學日裔教授Yoshito S。
HaKeda等四位的英譯之外,至少還有紐約州立大學
石溪分校韓裔教授Park所譯《起信論》暨元曉《海
枺琛罚写霭妗N覟樽约褐骶幍摹稏|方哲學與
宗教思想資料暨要論》英文叢書(美國綠林出版社
)所將收錄的自編《中國佛教資料選》(A Source
book in Chirnese Buddhism)一書之中,計劃包
括自己英譯的《起信論》全文,並予比較新舊兩種
版本(真諦的梁譯本與實叉難陀的陳譯本)的用辭
差異。
(裕А 3) 有志於進一步探討歷代以來各種裕璁愅膶W者,
不妨預先參考(裕А1)所提柏木弘雄的大著,尤其
序論部份。
(裕А 4) 我已撰出三萬餘字較有系統的一篇〈創造的詮釋學
及其應用〉,連同本論,準備收在拙著《從詮釋學
到大乘佛學》,(「哲學與宗教」四集),仍由台
北?枺髨D書出版公司印行。
(裕А 5) 大正大藏經第五十五冊,頁一四二上。
(裕А 6) 大正大藏經第七○冊,頁三二○上。
(裕А 7) 前揭第七十七冊,頁八二六中。
(裕А 8) 前揭第六十六冊,頁一七五中。
(裕А 9) 該書頁一七七至一七八。
(裕А10) 見《譯裕В看蟪似鹦耪摗罚ㄒ痪湃暄也ㄎ膸彀妫
後記, 以及《印度哲學研究第六》中的「真諦三藏
傳的研究」。
(裕А11) 該書(大藏出版社),頁三一至三二。
(裕А12) 《大乘起信論?研究》,頁一八二。
(裕А13) 關於大乘佛法的多門義理,我將不久另撰一篇〈大
乘佛法的教義多門性與辯證開放性〉,予以較系統
的討論。
(裕А14)《起信論》開頭的「歸敬偈」云﹕「歸命盡十方。最
勝業偏知,色無礙自在,救世大悲者。 及彼身體相
,法性真如海,無量功德藏。如實修行等。 為欲令
眾生,除疑捨邪執,起大乘正信,佛種不斷故。」
145頁
(裕А15) 關於我對牟氏應用《起信論》「一心開二門」的成
效評價,以及我個人提出的「一心開多門」主張,
參照拙文〈儒家心性論的現代化課睿担ㄏ拢┢
已收在拙著《從西方哲學到禪佛教》(一九八六年
台北?枺髨D書公司印行)。
(裕А16) 印順法師在他《大乘起信論講記》(一九五一年初
版)的序論中說﹕「我在《印度之佛教》,稱(大
乘三宗)之為虛妄唯識論、性空唯名論、真常唯心
論…。本論是屬於法界圓覺宗,或真常唯心論的。
」我在這裡暫借法師的用語。
(裕А17) 見豐子愷譯《大乘起信論新釋》(一九八一年台北
?天華出版公司印行),頁四八至四九。
(裕А18) 田養民氏《大乘起信論如來藏緣起之研究》中文版
(一九七八年台北?地平線出版社印行),頁一六四
。
(裕А19) 大正大藏經第四十四冊,頁二四三中。
(裕А20) 前揭,頁一七六上。
(裕А21) 前揭,頁二○六下。
(裕А22) 前揭,頁一七九至一八○上。
(裕А23) 關於宗密聯貫《起信論》與禪宗的圓教見地,參看
鐮田茂雄的《宗密教學的思想史的研究》(一九七
五年枺┐髮W出版會印行)。
(裕А24) 大正大藏經第四十四冊,頁三。八。
(裕А25) 前揭,頁四二八到四二九。
(裕А26) 拙著《從西方哲學到禪佛教》,頁三四七。
(裕А27) 《久松真一著作集第六卷經錄抄》(一九七三
年枺坷硐肷纾摪耸拧T撐脑d《哲學研
究》第三○卷第九與第十期。
(裕А28) 大正大藏經第四十四冊,頁四二八至四二九。
(裕А29) 《大乘起信論的研究》,頁四三五。
(裕А30) 前揭,頁五十七。
(裕А31) 《大乘起信論講記》,頁十一。
(裕А32) 新本語義似較清楚,如下﹕「一切眾生不名為覺,
以無始來恒有無明妄念,相續未曾離故。」
(裕А33) 新本語義似較清楚,如下﹕「若妄念息,即知心相
生住異滅皆係無相,以於一心前後同時,皆不相應
無自性故,如是知已,則知始覺不可得,不異本覺
故。」
(裕А34) 新本則云﹕「以不覺一法界故,不相應無明分別起
,生諸染心。如是之義,甚深難測,唯佛能知,非
餘所了。」請注意新本並無「忽然」二字。
(裕А35) 大正大藏經第四十四冊,頁三六○。
(裕А36) 《大乘起信論的研究》,頁四六○。
146頁
A CREATIVE…HERMENEUTIC INQUIRY INTO THE
MULTIDIMENSIONAL PLEXITY AND DEEP
STRUCTURE OF THE AWAKENING OF FAITH
By Charles Wei…hsun Fu
Summary
In this paper I attempt to re…investigate; as
an application of my 〃creative hermeneutics〃; the
multidimensional plexity and deep structure of
the Awakening of Faith; in order to find a new way
of critically inheriting and creatively developing
the deep and profoundly prehensive philosophical
ideas of this important ‘Mahayana‘ treatise
(‘sastra‘ )。 My creative hermeneutics consists of
the following five hermeneutic levels or steps: (1)
〃What exactly did the author (or the text) say? 〃
(the stage of textual criticism); (2) 〃What did the
author intend or mean to say? 〃 (the stage of
dimentional; logical and contextual analyses); (3)
〃What could the author have said? 〃 or 〃What could
the author's sayings have implied? 〃 (the stage of
discovery of various possible implications of the
text and hermeneutic approaches); (4) 〃What should
the author have said? 〃 or 〃What should the
creative hermeneutican say on behalf of the author?
〃 (the stage of discovery of the deeper structure
of the text); and (5) 〃What must the author say
now? 〃 or 〃What must the creative hermeneutician do
now; in order to carry out the unfinished
philosophical task of the author? 〃 (the stage of
critical/ creative transcendence)。
Based on the above hermeneutic method; I give a
critical examination of the major textual critical
studies thus far acplished; and reach my own
conclusion on the first hermeneutic level that;
despite the fact that the problem of authorship
still remains unresolved; the text (in two
versions) has created little difficulty in so far
as the question 〃What exactly did the author (or
the text) say? 〃 is concerned。 On the second level;
I find that there are in the text as many as
fourteen 〃gates〃 (dimensions or aspects)
inseparable from one another; namely; the
(trans…metaphysical) gate of non…duality (or 〃true
emptiness〃); the ( ‘prajno… logical‘ ) gate of
‘paramartha/samvrti‘; the (ontological) gate of
〃true forms〃 (or 〃won…
147 頁
drous manifestations〃); the (cosmological) gate of
dependent origination; the (metapsychological)
gates of hsin/hsing (mind/nature); the
(psychological) gate of citta/ ‘vijnana‘
(mind/consciousness); the (existential) gate of
awakening/nonawakening; the samsaric gate of karmic
consequences (reward/ retribution); the (
‘nirvanic‘ ) gate of ultimate enlightenment or
salvation; the (dyanic) gate of spiritual
self…cultivation; the (ethical) gate of
bodhisattvic discipline ( ‘sila/vinaya‘ ); the
(psychotherapeutic) gate of spiritual healing; the
( ‘upayic‘ ) gate of transformational education;
and the (temporo…historical) gate of responsive
appropriateness。 On the third level; we can find at
least the following four major hermeneutic
approaches to the text: the theory of dependent
origination by means of tathagata garbha; the
T'ien… t'ai's non…dualistic approach; the Japanese
Tendai's theory of original enlightenment; and the
Ch'an (Zen) approach in terms of 〃sudden
awakening〃。 On the fourth level; the deep structure
of the text is found in terms of the gate of
non…duality (instead of the gate of dependent
origination by means of ‘tathagata…garbha‘; which
has been